传统文化专利化保护问题探究

发布时间：2018-11-24 20:22

【摘要】：有关传统文化保护的议题正在国内外引起广泛关注。传统文化产生的年代久远，其权利主体不甚明晰，关键的是多数都已被公开或者被普遍应用。从这个层面上而言，，传统文化似乎不适宜纳入知识产权保护的范围之内，尤其不适合用专利的手段对其进行保护。但是，如果机械的认为传统文化是不能利用知识产权制度予以保护也是不恰当的。本文从传统文化的概念入手，详细辨析了传统文化与传统知识、非物质文化遗产的异同，从而理清传统文化与传统知识及非物质文化遗产之间的关系。在其基础之上分析传统文化专利化的特征。通过对传统文化专利化“三性”的分析，认为专利化可以作为对传统文化保护的一种的手段，并明确了主体的不确定性和族群性特点并不构成对传统文化进行专利化保护的障碍。但是，由于并不是所有传统文化都能纳入到专利制度保护范围之内，专利并不是保护传统文化的最佳模式。因此在实际操作过程中应补充其他保护路径。譬如：在新专利申请过程中借助行政手段进行干预、将传统知识视为先有技术（应用绝对新颖性制度）、建立传统文化数据库防御性保护等消极专利化手段。正是由于利用专利制度对传统文化保护存在一定的局限性，因此有必要对我国传统文化专利化保护的立法提出建议，以期达到全面地加强和完善我国的传统文化保护工作的目的。
[Abstract]:Issues related to the protection of traditional culture are attracting widespread attention at home and abroad. Traditional culture has been produced for a long time, its rights are not clear, the key is that most of them have been open or widely used. On this level, it seems that traditional culture is not suitable for intellectual property protection, especially patent protection. However, it is not appropriate to think mechanically that traditional culture cannot be protected by intellectual property system. Starting with the concept of traditional culture, this paper analyzes in detail the similarities and differences between traditional culture and traditional knowledge, intangible cultural heritage, so as to clarify the relationship between traditional culture and traditional knowledge and intangible cultural heritage. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of traditional culture patent. Through the analysis of the "three properties" of patenting traditional culture, it is considered that patentalization can be used as a means to protect traditional culture. The uncertainty of the subject and the characteristics of the ethnic group do not constitute an obstacle to patenting the traditional culture. However, because not all traditional culture can be covered by patent system, patent is not the best way to protect traditional culture. Therefore, other protection paths should be added in the actual operation process. For example, in the process of new patent application, we should intervene by administrative means, regard traditional knowledge as a passive patent means such as first technology (applying absolute novelty system), and establish defensive protection of traditional culture database. It is because the patent system has some limitations on the protection of traditional culture, so it is necessary to put forward some suggestions on the legislation of patent protection of traditional culture in our country. In order to achieve the goal of strengthening and perfecting the protection of traditional culture in our country.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.42

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