专利丛林引发的反公地悲剧研究
发布时间：2018-12-13 02:03
【摘要】：专利丛林引发的反公地悲剧是指众多分散的专利无法有效整合，一方面导致原有专利无法充分利用，另一方面阻碍新专利产生的困境。该困境的产生以专利丛林为背景，专利丛林的产生又以专利聚集为前提，由于专利本身互补问题和技术金字塔原理的客观存在，伴随着专利制度利益平衡点的转移而愈演愈烈。在此丛林中，各专利权人基于自身利益最大化的考虑动态地进行博弈，从而引发了反公地悲剧。 运用博弈论中的囚徒困境模型，分析其产生原因可以发现，专利丛林引发的反公地悲剧既与专利自身特性有关，，也与专利制度的特征有关，但最主要的是专利权人基于利益考量而在博弈中采取排他策略，从而导致了囚徒困境式的双输结果。此种双输结果导致在先专利权人的专利一直处于无法充分利用的闲置状态，又导致新专利研发人的成本高企，新专利难以孵化，还妨碍了正当的竞争，阻碍了技术的创新、社会的进步。 国外应对此困境产生的危害，按照降低新专利研发人成本，为新专利的产生腾挪空间的思路，分别以专利权穷竭原则、专利强制许可制度和反垄断为手段对其进行法律规制。对此，我国在应对此困境危害时，除了借鉴国外先进的应对之道外，必须立足国情，提出符合本国利益的法律规制。我们既要看到我国知识产权保护仍需不断完善，也要避免类似悲剧的发生。具体而言，可从提高专利创造性、增加新专利的孵化成功率等角度切入，除了运用上述三种主要规制手段外，可在规制的时间点上往前和往后再推一步。往前一步要求必须完善专利审查，保证专利审查部门的中立性，提高专利“三性”审查的严格性。往后一步则是要降低问题专利、垃圾专利和不应成为专利的某些技术标准等的救济水平，为审查的纰漏做好善后工作。 在规制过程中，必须明确权利有境必有禁的原则，无论是针对专利丛林引发的反公地悲剧还是专利领域的其他不平衡状态，发挥激励作用的同时做好利益平衡是最根本的思想基础。同时，深谙平衡之谋更要发挥平衡之术，因势利导、因地制宜和适度原则是变通之法。
[Abstract]:The tragedy of anti-Commons caused by the patent jungle means that many scattered patents can not be effectively integrated, which leads to the failure to make full use of the original patents and hinders the emergence of new patents on the other hand. The emergence of this dilemma takes the patent jungle as the background and the patent accumulation as the premise. Because of the complementary problem of the patent itself and the objective existence of the principle of technological pyramid, it is becoming more and more serious along with the transfer of the balance of the interests of the patent system. In this jungle, the patentee plays the game dynamically based on the consideration of maximization of his own interests, which leads to the tragedy of anti-Commons. By using the prisoner's dilemma model in game theory, it can be found that the anti-Commons tragedy caused by the patent jungle is related to the characteristics of the patent system as well as to the characteristics of the patent system. But the most important thing is that the patentee adopts the exclusive strategy in the game, which leads to the prisoner's dilemma. As a result, the patent of the prior patentee has been left unused and the cost of the new patent R & D is high, the new patent is difficult to incubate, and the legitimate competition is hindered and the innovation of technology is hindered. Social progress According to the idea of reducing the cost of new patent R & D personnel and freeing up space for the generation of new patent, foreign countries should take the principle of patent exhaustion, patent compulsory licensing system and antitrust as the means to regulate the new patent. In response to this problem, our country, in addition to drawing lessons from foreign advanced ways, must base itself on the national conditions and put forward legal regulations that are in line with the interests of our country. We should not only see that our intellectual property protection still needs to be improved, but also to avoid the occurrence of similar tragedies. In particular, from the point of view of improving patent creativity and increasing the hatching success rate of new patents, in addition to the use of the above three main regulatory means, we can push forward and back one step further in the time point of regulation. The first step is to perfect the patent examination, ensure the neutrality of the patent examination department, and improve the strictness of the patent "three nature" examination. The next step is to reduce the level of relief for problem patents, garbage patents, and certain technical standards that should not be patented, so as to do a good job of remedying flaws in the review. In the process of regulation, it is necessary to make clear the principle that rights must be prohibited, not only in the case of anti-Commons tragedy caused by the patent jungle, but also in other unbalanced states in the field of patent. It is the most fundamental ideological foundation to play the role of encouragement and to balance the interests well at the same time. At the same time, to understand the balance of the art of balance, according to the situation, according to local conditions and the principle of moderation is the alternative method.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.42
本文编号：2375670
[Abstract]:The tragedy of anti-Commons caused by the patent jungle means that many scattered patents can not be effectively integrated, which leads to the failure to make full use of the original patents and hinders the emergence of new patents on the other hand. The emergence of this dilemma takes the patent jungle as the background and the patent accumulation as the premise. Because of the complementary problem of the patent itself and the objective existence of the principle of technological pyramid, it is becoming more and more serious along with the transfer of the balance of the interests of the patent system. In this jungle, the patentee plays the game dynamically based on the consideration of maximization of his own interests, which leads to the tragedy of anti-Commons. By using the prisoner's dilemma model in game theory, it can be found that the anti-Commons tragedy caused by the patent jungle is related to the characteristics of the patent system as well as to the characteristics of the patent system. But the most important thing is that the patentee adopts the exclusive strategy in the game, which leads to the prisoner's dilemma. As a result, the patent of the prior patentee has been left unused and the cost of the new patent R & D is high, the new patent is difficult to incubate, and the legitimate competition is hindered and the innovation of technology is hindered. Social progress According to the idea of reducing the cost of new patent R & D personnel and freeing up space for the generation of new patent, foreign countries should take the principle of patent exhaustion, patent compulsory licensing system and antitrust as the means to regulate the new patent. In response to this problem, our country, in addition to drawing lessons from foreign advanced ways, must base itself on the national conditions and put forward legal regulations that are in line with the interests of our country. We should not only see that our intellectual property protection still needs to be improved, but also to avoid the occurrence of similar tragedies. In particular, from the point of view of improving patent creativity and increasing the hatching success rate of new patents, in addition to the use of the above three main regulatory means, we can push forward and back one step further in the time point of regulation. The first step is to perfect the patent examination, ensure the neutrality of the patent examination department, and improve the strictness of the patent "three nature" examination. The next step is to reduce the level of relief for problem patents, garbage patents, and certain technical standards that should not be patented, so as to do a good job of remedying flaws in the review. In the process of regulation, it is necessary to make clear the principle that rights must be prohibited, not only in the case of anti-Commons tragedy caused by the patent jungle, but also in other unbalanced states in the field of patent. It is the most fundamental ideological foundation to play the role of encouragement and to balance the interests well at the same time. At the same time, to understand the balance of the art of balance, according to the situation, according to local conditions and the principle of moderation is the alternative method.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.42
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