植物新品种保护中农民权的立法研究
发布时间：2019-01-05 01:42
【摘要】：农民权是在经济发展及基因科学技术的进步下，在世界植物遗传资源从早期“资源共享”过渡到“农民权独享”的理念下，为保护各国农民及农民群体在植物遗传资源保护上的贡献而于1979年由FAO首次提出，农民权作为一项新权利得到南北国家特别关注。农民权核心是农民的贡献权益保护，农民权载体是植物遗传资源。本文重点对农民权的权利属性、权利内容、权利实现以及我国对农民权的立法问题进行深入研究。国际上已有相关国际条约，，个别国家已通过国内立法形式对农民权进行研究，但各持己见，争议集中在农民权属于知识产权还是专属权利，所以国际上尚没有对农民权的性质、内容和责任追究等问题有统一的认识。我国《植物新品种保护条例》中虽对农民权部分内容有所涉及，但农民权理念尚属空白。本文是在国际植物遗传资源各种保护争端的背景下，在我国植物遗传资源不断受到“被侵权”的倒逼下，借鉴国际公约、各国立法规定，国内研究理论及相关立法政策后，系统剖析农民权问题。 本文认为，农民权是排他性的财产权利，是知识产权的相对物，是专属权利。在植物遗传资源可持续保护理论、农民发展权理论、利益平衡理论等农民权理论基础的支撑下得出农民权的内容。它包括：农民特权（农民留种权、种子交换权、销售权）、植物遗传资源贡献权、植物遗传资源事先知情同意权、植物遗传资源参与权、植物遗传资源惠益分享权。根据对农民权的多方面研究和我国农民权尚属空白的不利现状，提出我国需要加入ITPGR公约，并在《植物新品种保护条例》专章中规定农民权。农民权体现四大立法原则，分别是农民贡献权保护原则、植物遗传资源主权原则、惠益分享原则、生物多样性及可持续发展原则。在农民权立法中需加强具体制度的制定：明确农民权的权利属性和权利主体，明确农民权的保护范围，权利内容，建立农民权实现制度，建立农民权链条保护机制和贸易安全预警机制，并建立侵权责任追究制度。该项研究将填补我国农民权立法空白，保护我国遗传资源和为此付出努力的农民权益。
[Abstract]:Farmer's right is under the development of economy and the progress of gene science and technology, under the idea that the plant genetic resources of the world transition from "resource sharing" to "farmer's right to enjoy" in the early period. In order to protect the contribution of farmers and their groups to the conservation of plant genetic resources, it was first proposed by FAO in 1979. As a new right, farmers' rights have been paid special attention to by the north and south countries. The core of farmers' rights is the protection of farmers' contribution rights, and the carrier of farmers' rights is plant genetic resources. This paper focuses on the property, content, realization and legislation of farmers' rights. There have been relevant international treaties in the world, and individual countries have conducted research on farmers' rights through domestic legislation, but they hold their own opinions. The dispute focuses on whether farmers' rights belong to intellectual property rights or exclusive rights, so there is no international nature of farmers' rights. There is a unified understanding of issues such as content and accountability. Although some contents of farmers' rights are involved in the regulations on the Protection of New Plant varieties, the concept of farmers' rights is still blank. This article is under the background of various kinds of protection disputes of international plant genetic resources, under the constant pressure of "being infringed" on the plant genetic resources of our country, drawing lessons from the international convention, the national legislation stipulation, the domestic research theory and the related legislation policy, Systematic analysis of the issue of farmers' rights. This paper holds that the farmer's right is the exclusive property right, the opposite of intellectual property right and the exclusive right. Based on the theory of sustainable protection of plant genetic resources, the theory of farmers' right to development and the theory of balance of interests, the contents of farmers' rights are obtained. It includes: farmer's privilege (farmer's right to remain seed, right of seed exchange, right of sale), right of contribution of plant genetic resource, right of prior informed consent of plant genetic resource, right of participation of plant genetic resource, right of benefit-sharing of plant genetic resource. According to the research on farmers' rights in many aspects and the unfavorable situation that the farmers' rights are still blank in our country, it is pointed out that our country should join the ITPGR convention and stipulate the farmers' rights in the special chapter of Plant New Variety Protection regulations. Farmer's right embodies four legislative principles, namely, the protection of farmers' contribution right, the sovereignty of plant genetic resources, the principle of benefit-sharing, the principle of biodiversity and the principle of sustainable development. In the legislation of farmers' rights, we should strengthen the establishment of specific systems: clarifying the property and subject of farmers' rights, defining the scope of protection and contents of farmers' rights, establishing the system of realizing farmers' rights. Establish the protection mechanism of farmers' right chain and trade security early warning mechanism, and establish the system of investigating tort liability. This study will fill in the gaps in the legislation of farmers' rights, protect the genetic resources and the rights and interests of farmers.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.4
本文编号：2401091
[Abstract]:Farmer's right is under the development of economy and the progress of gene science and technology, under the idea that the plant genetic resources of the world transition from "resource sharing" to "farmer's right to enjoy" in the early period. In order to protect the contribution of farmers and their groups to the conservation of plant genetic resources, it was first proposed by FAO in 1979. As a new right, farmers' rights have been paid special attention to by the north and south countries. The core of farmers' rights is the protection of farmers' contribution rights, and the carrier of farmers' rights is plant genetic resources. This paper focuses on the property, content, realization and legislation of farmers' rights. There have been relevant international treaties in the world, and individual countries have conducted research on farmers' rights through domestic legislation, but they hold their own opinions. The dispute focuses on whether farmers' rights belong to intellectual property rights or exclusive rights, so there is no international nature of farmers' rights. There is a unified understanding of issues such as content and accountability. Although some contents of farmers' rights are involved in the regulations on the Protection of New Plant varieties, the concept of farmers' rights is still blank. This article is under the background of various kinds of protection disputes of international plant genetic resources, under the constant pressure of "being infringed" on the plant genetic resources of our country, drawing lessons from the international convention, the national legislation stipulation, the domestic research theory and the related legislation policy, Systematic analysis of the issue of farmers' rights. This paper holds that the farmer's right is the exclusive property right, the opposite of intellectual property right and the exclusive right. Based on the theory of sustainable protection of plant genetic resources, the theory of farmers' right to development and the theory of balance of interests, the contents of farmers' rights are obtained. It includes: farmer's privilege (farmer's right to remain seed, right of seed exchange, right of sale), right of contribution of plant genetic resource, right of prior informed consent of plant genetic resource, right of participation of plant genetic resource, right of benefit-sharing of plant genetic resource. According to the research on farmers' rights in many aspects and the unfavorable situation that the farmers' rights are still blank in our country, it is pointed out that our country should join the ITPGR convention and stipulate the farmers' rights in the special chapter of Plant New Variety Protection regulations. Farmer's right embodies four legislative principles, namely, the protection of farmers' contribution right, the sovereignty of plant genetic resources, the principle of benefit-sharing, the principle of biodiversity and the principle of sustainable development. In the legislation of farmers' rights, we should strengthen the establishment of specific systems: clarifying the property and subject of farmers' rights, defining the scope of protection and contents of farmers' rights, establishing the system of realizing farmers' rights. Establish the protection mechanism of farmers' right chain and trade security early warning mechanism, and establish the system of investigating tort liability. This study will fill in the gaps in the legislation of farmers' rights, protect the genetic resources and the rights and interests of farmers.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.4
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