专利强制许可启动程序研究
发布时间：2019-01-12 17:17
【摘要】：专利强制许可启动程序是专利制度中重要的组成部分，在专利法中起着非常重要的作用，它有利于防止专利权的滥用，促进专利技术的推广运用，并且能够很好的平衡私人利益和公共利益之间的关系。专利强制许可制度在中国也由来已久，早在1984年颁布的《专利法》中就对其进行了规定，后来经过1992年、2000年及2008年三次全面修订，专利强制许可制度日趋成熟。2012年3月国家知识产权局又颁布了《专利实施强制许可办法》，专门规定了专利强制许可的提出、受理、审查和决定等程序，这些法律文件形成了我国现有的专利强制许可制度体系。从总体上来看，我国非常重视专利强制许可制度的法律规定，并且理论研究也有所深入。但是到目前为止，，我国并没有成功启动过一次专利强制许可程序的案例，甚至连正式申请强制许可的案例都不曾公开报道过。即便是在2003年中国非典肆虐的时期，在公共健康受到严重威胁的情况下也未能启动该程序，我国的专利强制许可制度似乎一直都没有发挥其应有的作用，这无疑是与强制许可制度设立的初衷相违背的。在现代社会，科技发展迅速，专利产品越来越多，与此同时，我国也面临着严重的公共健康危机，特别是面临发达国家的“专利垄断”、“专利围攻”，专利强制许可启动程序的作用显得愈发重要。我们有适用专利强制许可的迫切需要，却无法启动已经存在的强制许可程序，这迫使我们必须积极探寻有效的途径来解决目前法律所面临的困境。本文就是在这一背景下对专利强制许可启动程序制度进行了系统的研究和分析。 本文除引言之外共分为四个部分。第一部分主要介绍了专利强制许可启动程序的正当性。首先从法理学和经济分析法学角度分析了专利强制许可制度的理论依据，其设置的目的满足社会公共利益的需求，并且运用成本和效益的原则对此制度为社会带来的影响进行了分析；其次分别从《专利法》和《专利实施强制许可办法》介绍了专利强制许可制度的立法目的，都是为了鼓励科学技术的创新和竞争，推广专利技术的运用；最后对国内一些案例进行分析，认为适时启动专利强制许可程序是必要的，并且总结国外频繁启动该程序的经验，指出专利强制许可启动程序对于我国专利实施有着非常重要的意义。 第二部分主要介绍了专利强制许可启动程序在我国存在的问题及其未能启动的原因。专利强制许可启动程序在立法上存在一些技术性漏洞及其法律立法位阶较低，使其在实践中缺乏可操作性，加之我国在知识产权领域面临着来自美国等发达国家的巨大压力，导致我国启动专利强制许可程序有着一定的困难和阻碍。 第三部分主要介绍了国外专利强制许可启动程序制度的立法借鉴。分别从国际法层面、发达国家国内法层面、发展中国家国内法层面对专利强制许可启动程序进行了分析，我们需要借鉴和学习发达国家一些先进的法律制度和实践经验，并且更要引以借鉴的是同我国国情相差不大的发展中国家成功的实践案例并对其做出总结，以便于能够对我国专利强制许可启动程序制度做出良好的启示作用。 第四部分主要介绍了完善我国专利强制许可启动程序制度的建议。首先是完善专利强制许可启动程序的条件，需要增加“政府使用”条款、基因专利强制许可、民用专利国防强制许可等规定；其次是完善专利强制许可启动程序的主体，赋予反垄断执法机构建议启动专利强制许可程序的权力；再次是完善专利强制许可启动程序的模式，推行专利司法强制许可模式；最后是完善专利强制许可启动程序的保障制度，主要从完善专利行政部门的职责规定以及加强执法机关之间的协调方面进行了分析。
[Abstract]:The patent compulsory license start-up procedure is an important part in the patent system, plays a very important role in the patent law, it is beneficial to prevent the abuse of the patent right, promote the popularization and application of the patent technology, and can well balance the relationship between the private interest and the public interest. The compulsory licensing system of the patent has a long history in China and has been regulated in the Patent Law, which was enacted in 1984, and then revised three times in 1992, 2000 and 2008. The patent compulsory license system is becoming more and more mature. In March, 2012, the State Intellectual Property Office promulgated the Procedures for Compulsory License for Patent Application, which specifically provided for the application, acceptance, review and decision of the patent compulsory license. These legal documents form the system of compulsory licensing system in our country. In general, our country attaches great importance to the legal provisions of the patent compulsory licensing system, and the theoretical research is also in-depth. To date, however, we have not successfully initiated a case of a patent compulsory licensing procedure, even in cases where a formal application for compulsory licensing has not been reported publicly. Even in the period of the SARS epidemic in China in 2003, the procedure was not started under the serious threat of public health, and the compulsory licensing system of the Chinese patent did not seem to play its due role, which was unquestionably contrary to the original intention established by the compulsory licensing system. In the modern society, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing number of patent products, at the same time, our country also faces the serious public health crisis, especially the 鈥減atent monopoly鈥
本文编号：2408016
[Abstract]:The patent compulsory license start-up procedure is an important part in the patent system, plays a very important role in the patent law, it is beneficial to prevent the abuse of the patent right, promote the popularization and application of the patent technology, and can well balance the relationship between the private interest and the public interest. The compulsory licensing system of the patent has a long history in China and has been regulated in the Patent Law, which was enacted in 1984, and then revised three times in 1992, 2000 and 2008. The patent compulsory license system is becoming more and more mature. In March, 2012, the State Intellectual Property Office promulgated the Procedures for Compulsory License for Patent Application, which specifically provided for the application, acceptance, review and decision of the patent compulsory license. These legal documents form the system of compulsory licensing system in our country. In general, our country attaches great importance to the legal provisions of the patent compulsory licensing system, and the theoretical research is also in-depth. To date, however, we have not successfully initiated a case of a patent compulsory licensing procedure, even in cases where a formal application for compulsory licensing has not been reported publicly. Even in the period of the SARS epidemic in China in 2003, the procedure was not started under the serious threat of public health, and the compulsory licensing system of the Chinese patent did not seem to play its due role, which was unquestionably contrary to the original intention established by the compulsory licensing system. In the modern society, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing number of patent products, at the same time, our country also faces the serious public health crisis, especially the 鈥減atent monopoly鈥
本文编号：2408016
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