以宽刺蔷薇为亲本的月季抗白粉病杂交育种

发布时间：2019-02-21 16:56

【摘要】：月季(Rosa spp.)是世界上最受欢迎的花卉之一。月季白粉病(Chinese rose powdery mildew)对月季的品质及产量影响巨大。然而,目前现代月季的基因库中缺乏高抗白粉病的基因,尤其是水平抗性基因,因此,亟需引入新的种质进行抗白粉育种。我国野生蔷薇属资源丰富,很多种质在抗逆性方面表现出了优异的特性,挖掘并利用这些资源,对培育我国具有自主知识产权的抗白粉病月季新品种有很大意义。本研究在对部分新疆野生蔷薇属种质资源进行白粉病抗性评价的基础上,以培育抗白粉病的庭院月季新品种为目标,选择白粉病抗性较强的宽刺蔷薇(Rosa platyacantha)作为主要亲本进行远缘杂交育种。主要研究结果如下： 1.采用孢子悬浮液喷雾法,对收集、保存的11份新疆蔷薇属野生资源和4个月季品种进行了白粉病抗性评价,筛选出弯刺蔷薇(R. beggeriana)2号、尖刺蔷薇(R.oxyacantha)、宽刺蔷薇、‘红衣主教’(R.'Kardinal')和疏花蔷薇(R. laxa)3号等5份高抗白粉病材料,相对抗性指数分别为0.94,0.9,0.84,0.82,0.81。 2.通过研究月季对白粉病的抗感性与防御性酶(SOD、POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)与可溶性蛋白(SPR)含量变化关系,结果初步显示：SOD、POD的活性及MDA含量的变化与月季对白粉病的抗感性相关,而SPR的含量变化与月季对白粉病的抗感性无明显相关。 3.开展远缘杂交,共设计杂交组合58个,得到种子183粒,获得成苗43株,经形态学初步鉴定为真杂种；对杂种进行白粉病抗病性初步评价,获得中抗杂交后代28个。本研究对部分新疆野生蔷薇属种质资源进行了白粉病抗性评价,利用宽刺蔷薇进行远缘杂交,为培育抗病月季新品种奠定了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Rose (Rosa spp.) It is one of the most popular flowers in the world. Rice powdery mildew (Chinese rose powdery mildew) has a great influence on the quality and yield of rose. However, the gene of high resistance to powdery mildew, especially the gene of horizontal resistance, is lacking in the gene bank of modern Chinese rose, so it is urgent to introduce new germplasm to breeding for resistance to powdery mildew. The wild Rosa is rich in resources in China, many germplasm show excellent characteristics in resistance to stress. It is of great significance to excavate and utilize these resources to cultivate new varieties of powdery mildew resistant rose with independent intellectual property rights in China. Based on the evaluation of powdery mildew resistance of some wild Rosa germplasm resources in Xinjiang, the aim of this study was to cultivate new varieties of rose in courtyard resistant to powdery mildew. (Rosa platyacantha), which is resistant to powdery mildew, was selected as the main parent for distant cross breeding. The main results are as follows: 1. The powdery mildew resistance of 11 wild Rosa resources and 4 rose varieties collected and preserved in Xinjiang were evaluated by spore suspension spray method, and (R. beggeriana) 2, R.oxyacantha and Rosa paniculata were selected. The relative resistance index of 5 high resistant powdery mildew materials such as R. Cardinal'(R.) Kardinal' and Rosa rugosa (R. laxa) 3) was 0.94% 0.94% 0.84% 0.82% 0.81, respectively. 2. The relationship between resistance to powdery mildew and defensive enzyme (SOD,POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) (MDA) and soluble protein (SPR) (SPR) in Chinese rose were studied. The results showed that: The activity of POD and the content of MDA were related to the resistance to powdery mildew of Chinese rose, but the change of SPR content had no significant correlation with the resistance to powdery mildew of Chinese rose. 3. A total of 58 hybrid combinations were designed and 183 seeds were obtained and 43 seedlings were obtained. The hybrids were preliminarily identified as true hybrids by morphology, and 28 hybrids were obtained by preliminary evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, the powdery mildew resistance of some wild Rosa germplasm resources in Xinjiang was evaluated, and the distant hybridization of Rosa chinensis was carried out, which laid a theoretical foundation for the breeding of new resistant rose varieties.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S685.12

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