传统知识开发利用的知识产权保护研究

发布时间：2019-03-01 17:14

【摘要】：传统知识的创造是一个渐进性、漫长而又不间断的过程,是传统部族或传统社区通过世代相传的方式创造并累积出来的智力成果,具有重大的经济、社会和文化价值。传统知识是人类文明社会的重要组成部分,并在许多国家特别是包括中国、印度等在内的发展中国家已经并将继续发挥其重要作用。随着传统知识的价值被人们认识、挖掘和开发利用的不断扩大化,使得传统知识保护成为国际普遍关注的问题。由于传统知识产生和发展历史悠久,权利主体不甚明确,并且多数呈公开的状态,从而导致其因不符合现行知识产权制度保护对象的要件,无法通过现行知识产权制度来加以保护。本文通过结合传统知识开发利用的国际国内保护现状及问题,借鉴吸收一些发展中国家的成功经验和制度,在与国家法律体系制度相融合的基础上提出传统知识知识产权制度的完善建议。因此,针对当前国内外现状,研究传统知识的法律保护具有重要的现实意义和法律意义。本文由四个主要部分组成。第一部分,主要介绍了知识产权保护传统知识的背景和意义；概括综述了国内外传统知识法律保护研究状况；介绍了本文的研究内容和主要研究方法；介绍了本文的创新点及不足。第二部分,对传统知识的定义由来进行了概述,并通过比较引出本文的传统知识定义；通过与现代知识对比的方式,介绍并分析传统知识所独有的特征；从经济、文化和社会方面介绍了传统知识开发利用的价值；概括罗列了当前国际和国内对传统知识保护的法律规定。第三部分,介绍分析了传统知识开发利用过程中引发的一系列法律问题：传统知识的过度开发利用、传统知识不正当占有和不公平利用、传统知识的利益分配不公、传统知识权利主体模糊与缺位及权利客体范围不明确。针对这些问题从现实问题和法律困境方面进行剖析,结合当前国内法律和制度保护的相关规定,反思制度的不规范和不合理之处,找出传统知识法律和制度层面的不足和漏洞,以期找到问题产生的根本所在。第四部分,通过针对上述问题的分析,提出以下完善建议：传统知识开发利用的制度设计、传统知识的保护与创新发展协调进行、建立以利益平衡原则为基础的利益分享机制、确定权利主体及权利客体性质及范围,进而健全传统知识保护机制。
[Abstract]:The creation of traditional knowledge is a gradual, long and uninterrupted process. It is an intellectual achievement created and accumulated by traditional tribes or communities from generation to generation. It has great economic, social and cultural values. Traditional knowledge is an important part of human civilization, and it has played and will continue to play an important role in many countries, especially in developing countries, such as China, India and so on. As the value of traditional knowledge is recognized by people, and the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge is continuously expanded, the protection of traditional knowledge has become an issue of common concern in the world. Due to the long history of the generation and development of traditional knowledge, the lack of clarity in the subject of rights, and the fact that most of them are public, which leads to their non-conformity with the requirements of the object of protection of the current intellectual property rights system, It cannot be protected through the existing intellectual property system. Based on the current situation and problems of the international and domestic protection of the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge, this paper draws lessons from the successful experiences and systems of some developing countries, On the basis of the integration with the national legal system, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the traditional intellectual property system. Therefore, in view of the current situation at home and abroad, studying the legal protection of traditional knowledge has important practical and legal significance. This paper consists of four main parts. The first part mainly introduces the background and significance of intellectual property rights protection of traditional knowledge, summarizes the research situation of legal protection of traditional knowledge at home and abroad, introduces the research contents and main research methods of this paper. The innovation and deficiency of this paper are introduced. The second part summarizes the origin of the definition of traditional knowledge, and draws out the definition of traditional knowledge by comparing with modern knowledge, introduces and analyzes the unique characteristics of traditional knowledge, and introduces and analyzes the characteristics of traditional knowledge by comparing with modern knowledge. This paper introduces the value of the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge from the aspects of economy, culture and society, and outlines the current international and domestic laws and regulations on the protection of traditional knowledge. The third part introduces and analyzes a series of legal problems caused by the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge: excessive exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge, improper possession and unfair use of traditional knowledge, unfair distribution of benefits of traditional knowledge, The subject of the right of traditional knowledge is ambiguous and the scope of the object of the right is not clear. In view of these problems, this paper analyzes the practical problems and legal dilemmas, combined with the relevant provisions of current domestic laws and systems protection, reconsiders the irregularity and irrationality of the system, and finds out the shortcomings and loopholes in the legal and institutional aspects of traditional knowledge, In order to find the root of the problem. The fourth part, through the analysis of the above problems, puts forward the following suggestions: the system design of the development and utilization of traditional knowledge, the coordination between the protection of traditional knowledge and the development of innovation, and the establishment of a benefit-sharing mechanism based on the principle of balance of interests. Determine the nature and scope of the subject and object of the right, and then perfect the protection mechanism of traditional knowledge.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.4

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