环境规制、劳动力再配置及其宏观含义

发布时间：2017-12-28 11:03

本文关键词：环境规制、劳动力再配置及其宏观含义　出处：《经济评论》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文对环境规制引致劳动力再配置的主要路径及其可能产生的社会成本进行了理论梳理,利用中国工业企业数据,通过面板VAR模型估计了环境规制带来的劳动力再配置并分析了其宏观含义。研究结果表明:(1)环境规制引致的劳动力再配置反映为污染部门的就业萎缩和清洁部门的就业扩张,其宏观福利含义表现为潜在的失业风险和社会转换成本。(2)企业进入、退出和在位企业的就业变动是劳动力再配置的主要路径,在环境规制的约束下,企业进入引致的就业创造被显著抑制,在位企业的就业损失明显提升,被规制部门的潜在劳动力需求下降,宏观上存在着因解雇而产生的失业加剧风险。(3)环境规制导致高污染行业再配置劳动力的能力减弱,更多的劳动力再配置将在高、低污染行业间发生,宏观上更容易带来劳动力需求和供给的错配及产生结构性失业。因此,促进劳动力需求与供给的灵活匹配是降低环境规制社会成本,同时推动绿色经济转型所亟需考虑的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the main path and the possible social cost of labor reconfiguration induced by environmental regulation are theoretically combed. Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises, the reconfiguration of labor force brought by environmental regulation is estimated by the panel VAR model, and its macro meaning is analyzed. The results show that: (1) the reconfiguration of labor caused by environmental regulation is reflected in the employment shrinking of the pollution sector and the employment expansion of the clean sector. Its macro welfare implication is potential unemployment risk and social transformation cost. (2) the enterprise entry and exit and the incumbent labor employment change is main path configuration, under the constraints of environmental regulation, the creation was significantly inhibited by enterprises to enter the jobs from the incumbent, job losses were improved significantly, the potential demand for labor regulation sector decline, macro exists due to the fire the rate of unemployment risk. (3) environmental regulation leads to the weakening of the ability to reconfigure labor in highly polluting industries, and more labor reconfiguration will happen between high and low polluting industries, which is more likely to cause labor demand and supply mismatch and produce structural unemployment on the macro level. Therefore, to promote the flexible matching of labor demand and supply is to reduce the social cost of environmental regulation and to promote the transformation of green economy.
【作者单位】：环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心;中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;南开大学人口与发展研究所;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金项目“工资上涨、要素投入与偏向型技术进步研究”(项目编号:2015M571193)的资助
【分类号】：F272.92;F425;X32
【正文快照】： 一、引言及文献综述自20世纪70年代以来,面对日益恶化的环境问题,发达国家就开始实施严格的环境规制政策。与此同时,针对环境规制可能产生的潜在就业问题及其社会成本也备受争论。对于这一问题的回答,有着两种截然相反的观点。支持者认为,严格的环境规制能够促使企业最优化

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