空气排放视角的中国沿海地区能源效率研究：数据包络分析方法

发布时间：2018-02-15 05:22

本文关键词： 空气排放能源效率数据包络分析核密度估计沿海地区　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国的经济高速发展,但是其经济增长方式以高耗能和高排放为代价,使得我国环境问题日益凸显。作为世界最大的能源消耗国家,也是世界上最大的二氧化碳、二氧化硫和氮氧化物的排放国家,我国背负着节能减排的巨大压力。提高能源效率被公认为减少排放、实现可持续发展的最有效途径。本文以数据包络分析和全局参考集为理论基础,对2000-2014年我国沿海地区12个省市的能源效率进行了详细的分析,将排放总量最多的二氧化碳、二氧化硫和氮氧化物等三种气体作为非期望产出。本文首先提出EBM-G模型研究沿海地区的静态能源效率,发现沿海地区经济较发达省市的能源效率相对较高。其中环渤海地区的三种气体排放的减排潜力都最高。基于方向性距离函数的GML指数被用来研究该地区能源效率的动态变化。研究发现技术进步是促进沿海地区能源效率提高的主要原因,而管理水平和规模效率是阻碍因素。然后本文对比了加性结构的非径向和径向BAM-G模型,证实径向模型确实高估了能源效率水平。BAM-G模型测算的联合效率可以被分解为生产效率和环境效率,我们发现整个沿海地区的生产效率在研究期间一直处于高效率水平,而环境效率虽然从2000年到2014年有了明显的提高,但是地区之间的差距变大。为了研究已经达到效率前沿面的北京、上海、广东、福建和辽宁等省,我们构建了基于虚拟前沿面的BAM-VF-G模型,发现上海一直处于领先位置。最后,本文采用核密度估计来分析沿海地区的联合效率的动态演进。研究发现随着时间的推移,尽管联合效率呈现出上升的趋势,但是出现了高效率和低效率聚集区,并且区域间的差距正在扩大。基于以上的分析,本文提出了几点建议来进一步地改善沿海地区的能源效率。第一,从整体来看,政府需要加快能源结构升级,减少煤炭的使用比重,提高清洁能源的使用比重,从根本上减少三种气体的排放。第二,对于高能效和低能效的地区实施差异化的能源效率政策,提高减排潜力较大的环渤海地区的减排目标。第三,加大技术进步力度,促进整个沿海地区的能源效率增长,推动北京、上海、广东、福建和辽宁构建的有效前沿面。第四,针对企业用能,政府可以通过实施税收优惠政策、征收排污费、推广合同能源管理、碳交易等措施,促进能源利用率和减少大气排放。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economy has developed at a high speed, but its economic growth mode is at the cost of high energy consumption and high emissions, which makes the environmental problems of our country increasingly prominent. As the largest energy consuming country in the world, it is also the largest carbon dioxide in the world. In the countries that emit sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, China is under great pressure to save energy and reduce emissions. Improving energy efficiency is recognized as reducing emissions. Based on the theory of data envelopment analysis and global reference set, the energy efficiency of 12 provinces and cities in coastal areas of China from 2000 to 2014 is analyzed in detail. Three gases, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, are considered as non-expected outputs. In this paper, a EBM-G model is proposed to study static energy efficiency in coastal areas. The energy efficiency of the more developed provinces and cities in coastal areas is relatively high. The three gas emission reduction potential in the Central Bohai Sea region is the highest. The GML index based on directional distance function is used to study the energy efficiency in this area. The study found that technological progress is the main reason for the improvement of energy efficiency in coastal areas. The management level and scale efficiency are the hindrance factors. Then the non-radial and radial BAM-G models with additive structure are compared in this paper. It is proved that the radial model does overestimate the energy efficiency level. The combined efficiency measured by BAM-G model can be decomposed into production efficiency and environmental efficiency. We find that the production efficiency of the whole coastal area has always been at a high efficiency level during the study period. Although environmental efficiency has improved significantly from 2000 to 2014, the gap between the regions has widened. In order to study the provinces of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian and Liaoning, which have reached the forefront of efficiency, We construct a BAM-VF-G model based on the virtual frontier and find that Shanghai has always been in the leading position. Finally, this paper uses nuclear density estimation to analyze the dynamic evolution of joint efficiency in coastal areas. In spite of the upward trend in joint efficiency, there have been areas of high efficiency and low efficiency, and the gap between regions is widening. Based on the above analysis, This paper puts forward several suggestions to further improve the energy efficiency in coastal areas. First, the government needs to speed up the upgrading of the energy structure, reduce the proportion of coal use, and increase the proportion of clean energy. Fundamentally reduce emissions of three gases. Second, implement differentiated energy efficiency policies for areas with high energy efficiency and low energy efficiency, and increase emission reduction targets in Bohai Rim, where the potential for emission reduction is high. Third, increase technological progress. To promote the growth of energy efficiency in the entire coastal region and to promote the effective frontier built in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian and Liaoning. In view of the energy consumption of enterprises, the government can levy sewage charges by implementing preferential tax policies. Promote contract energy management, carbon trading and other measures to promote energy efficiency and reduce atmospheric emissions.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224;F426.2

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