产能利用率、企业性质与经营效益——基于钢铁企业的实证分析

发布时间：2018-02-16 08:33

本文关键词： 钢铁企业产能利用率产能过剩利润率　出处：《上海财经大学学报》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：钢铁行业产能过剩由来已久,梳理分析钢铁行业产能过剩的结构特征及其经济影响对于中国当前的供给侧改革具有重要的现实意义。文章利用1998 2007年中国工业企业数据,分析了我国钢铁企业产能利用率的变动趋势、企业性质及其与经营效益的关系。研究发现,产能利用状况一直以来都是影响我国钢铁企业经营效益的重要因素,这一现象在国有钢铁企业尤为突出。从变动趋势和结构差异来看,我国钢铁企业的产能利用率与利润率具有相近的变化趋势,且具有相似的企业性质差异,即国有企业的产能利用率和利润率明显低于非国有企业。实证结果表明,产能利用率是影响我国钢铁企业利润率的诸多因素中的主导因素,它的差异在很大程度上可以解释国有与非国有钢铁企业间的利润率差异。通过进一步区分企业的规模类型发现,我国钢铁企业产能利用率的企业性质差异主要表现在中小型企业,尤其是小型企业。因此治理我国钢铁企业产能过剩问题除了考虑企业的所有制形式外,还要区分企业的规模类型,同时坚持企业所有制改革和大型化的发展路径。
[Abstract]:There is a long history of overcapacity in iron and steel industry. It is of great practical significance to analyze the structural characteristics and economic impact of overcapacity in iron and steel industry for the current supply-side reform in China. This paper makes use of the data of China's industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2007. This paper analyzes the changing trend of the utilization ratio of production capacity, the nature of the enterprise and the relationship between the utilization rate of production capacity and the benefit of operation in China's iron and steel enterprises, and finds that the utilization of production capacity has always been an important factor affecting the operating efficiency of iron and steel enterprises in our country. This phenomenon is especially prominent in state-owned iron and steel enterprises. From the point of view of changing trend and structure difference, the utilization ratio of production capacity and profit rate of iron and steel enterprises in our country have similar changing trend, and have similar enterprise nature difference. That is, the productivity utilization ratio and profit margin of state-owned enterprises are obviously lower than that of non-state-owned enterprises. The empirical results show that capacity utilization ratio is the leading factor that affects the profit rate of iron and steel enterprises in China. Its difference can explain the profit margin difference between state-owned and non-state-owned iron and steel enterprises to a great extent. The differences in the nature of capacity utilization ratio of iron and steel enterprises in China are mainly manifested in small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in small enterprises. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of overcapacity in iron and steel enterprises in China, besides considering the ownership form of enterprises, At the same time, we should distinguish the type of scale of enterprises and insist on the reform of enterprise ownership and the development path of large-scale enterprises.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：基本科研业务专项资金项目“我国工业部门产能过剩的检测及预警系统研究”(2017QC012)
【分类号】：F406.7;F426.31

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