浙江省商品有机肥应用对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 12:32

本文选题：商品有机肥 + 现状分析　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：浙江省经济繁荣,农业产业发达,每年需要大量的化肥农药支撑浙江省农业的发展。但是现代农业既要求农业高速发展,又必须符合可持续发展目标,而化肥农业对土壤的破坏巨大并使河流富营养化严重,因此既能代替化肥满足农业生产需要又能保护环境,减少有机肥肥源污染的商品有机肥产业逐渐兴起。本文从浙江省有机肥应用现状入手,通过举例分析浙江省商品有机肥政策扶持情况,商品有机肥应用推广资金投入情况和有机肥技术推广情况,发现目前浙江省对商品有机肥应用政策补助按经济欠发达地区200元/吨、其他地区150元/吨的标准给与补贴。就杭州地区而言,规定每吨有机肥生产企业可补贴30元,销售商补贴60元,用户补贴300元。就有机肥生产企业现状来看,浙江省有机肥生产企业生产能力比较低,平均不到1.17万吨/年,有些企业甚至不到0.5万吨/年。从有机肥施用量来看,浙江省商品有机肥平均每亩的施用量较低,其中杭州市为0.049吨/亩,远低于正常有机肥使用量。就有机肥施用项目来看,主要施用项目区有标农提升、粮食基地、粮食功能区、蔬菜基地、苗木、竹基地、占补平衡等,主要作为基肥、追肥。紧接着本文运用数据和农业局资料分析浙江省商品有机肥应用成效,结果表明商品有机肥具有显著的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。从经济效益上看,商品有机肥能够提高农作物产量、提升农作物品质,进而提高农作物的价格,增加农户收入。从社会效益看,促进商品有机肥使用,能带动商品有机肥产业发展。商品有机肥企业的建设,一方面将带动就业,另一方将给畜禽产业的废弃物实现污染资源化利用提供前提条件。从生态效益看,农户使用了商品有机肥,将减少化肥农药的施用量,减少化肥农药对土壤、河道的污染。同时也减少了规模养殖场等畜禽产业的废弃物对环境的破坏,保护了生态环境。根据浙江省有机肥生产施用现状和有机肥应用成效,通过农户调研数据分析和对企业和农户的访谈,发现在商品有机肥推广应用过程中,遇到以下几个问题:在政策扶持上,浙江省各地的扶持力度、扶持范围有所差异,由政策所产生的门槛挡住了中小型的农户和农业企业对有机肥施用的选择。政府对有机肥的宣传推广力度还不够大,农户对信息需求比较大。目前浙江省地区的商品有机肥企业产量比较低,有机肥企业生产技术落后、产品单一、品质不稳定。有机肥施用同样存在问题,目前不同地区、不同农作物、不同农户使用有机肥的施用量存在较大差异,有机肥施用量并不是越多越好,过量施用并不能提高肥料效用,反而增加了生产成本、造成了浪费,对于某些商品有机肥,更有可能对农作物产生危害,污染土壤。最后综合以上研究结论提出以下相关建议:(1)完善法律法规、监管监督制度(2)大力宣传、普及技术(3)政府基础设施支持、企业技术创新。
[Abstract]:Zhejiang Province is prosperous in economy and developed in agricultural industry. It needs a lot of chemical fertilizer and pesticides to support the development of agriculture in Zhejiang province every year.But modern agriculture not only requires the rapid development of agriculture, but also must accord with the goal of sustainable development. However, fertilizer agriculture has great damage to soil and serious eutrophication of rivers, so it can not only replace chemical fertilizer to meet the needs of agricultural production but also protect the environment.The commodity organic fertilizer industry which reduces the pollution of organic fertilizer source is rising gradually.Starting with the present situation of organic fertilizer application in Zhejiang Province, this paper analyzes the policy support situation of commodity organic fertilizer in Zhejiang Province, the investment in the application and extension of commodity organic fertilizer and the promotion of organic fertilizer technology.It is found that the policy subsidy for the application of commodity organic fertilizer in Zhejiang Province is based on the standard of 200 yuan per ton in underdeveloped areas and 150 yuan per ton in other regions.As far as Hangzhou area is concerned, 30 yuan per ton of organic fertilizer production enterprises, 60 yuan for sellers and 300 yuan for users.According to the present situation of organic fertilizer production enterprises, the production capacity of organic fertilizer production enterprises in Zhejiang Province is relatively low, with an average of less than 11700 tons per year, and some enterprises even less than 5000 tons per year.The average amount of organic fertilizer per mu in Zhejiang Province is lower than that in Hangzhou, which is 0.049 tons / mu, which is far lower than the normal amount of organic fertilizer.According to the application items of organic fertilizer, the main application areas are standard agriculture promotion, grain base, grain function area, vegetable base, seedling base, bamboo base and so on, which are mainly used as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer.The results show that the commercial organic fertilizer has significant economic, social and ecological benefits.From the view of economic benefit, commercial organic fertilizer can increase crop yield, improve crop quality, and then increase the price of crops and increase the income of farmers.From the social benefit, promote the use of commercial organic fertilizer, can promote the development of commodity organic fertilizer industry.The construction of commodity organic fertilizer enterprises will, on the one hand, promote employment, and on the other hand, provide preconditions for the utilization of livestock and poultry industry wastes to realize pollution and resource utilization.From the view of ecological benefit, the use of commercial organic fertilizer by farmers will reduce the amount of fertilizer and pesticide, and reduce the pollution of soil and river channel caused by chemical fertilizer and pesticide.At the same time, it also reduces the environmental damage caused by livestock and poultry industry wastes and protects the ecological environment.According to the present situation of organic fertilizer production and application in Zhejiang Province and the effect of organic fertilizer application, through the analysis of farmer household investigation data and the interview with enterprises and farmers, it is found that in the process of promoting and applying commodity organic fertilizer, the following problems are encountered: in policy support,The degree of support and the scope of support are different in Zhejiang Province. The threshold produced by the policy hinders the choice of the application of organic fertilizer by small and medium-sized farmers and agricultural enterprises.The government's propaganda and promotion of organic fertilizer is not strong enough, and farmers' demand for information is relatively large.At present, the production of commodity organic fertilizer enterprises in Zhejiang Province is relatively low, the production technology of organic fertilizer enterprises is backward, the product is single and the quality is unstable.There are also problems in the application of organic fertilizer. At present, there are great differences in the amount of organic fertilizer used in different regions, different crops and different farmers. The more organic fertilizer is applied, the better, and excessive application of organic fertilizer can not improve the effect of fertilizer.On the contrary, it increases the production cost and causes waste. For some commercial organic fertilizer, it is more likely to harm crops and pollute the soil.Finally, the following suggestions are put forward as follows: 1) perfecting laws and regulations, supervising and supervising system 2) propagating vigorously, popularizing technology 3) supporting government infrastructure and innovating enterprises' technology.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.72;S141

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