纯电动家用轿车全生命周期成本优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 16:54

本文选题：纯电动家用轿车 + 全生命周期成本　；参考：《江苏科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：纯电动家用轿车作为新兴汽车领域正逐步崛起。纯电动家用轿车以其“低碳、环保”的特点正逐步成为未来汽车的发展方向,推广纯电动家用轿车成为我国政府着力促进传统汽车产业结构调整的重要举措。目前纯电动家用轿车市场呈现“叫好不叫座”的局面,技术不成熟、配套不完善等因素导致消费者前期购买和后期维护使用需付出高昂的费用,因此,为了进一步扩大纯电动家用轿车的消费市场,需要对其成本实施有效控制。纯电动家用轿车的成本控制范围不能仅仅局限于传统的生产制造过程,而应着眼于全生命周期,实施全方位的成本优化。根据一般制造业的经验数据,设计阶段是整个生命周期的前端,决定了产品全生命周期成本的70%以上,由此可见,纯电动家用轿车全生命周期成本优化研究的关键在于设计阶段对成本的全面把控。为了给设计者提供降低成本的相关依据,扩大纯电动家用轿车的市场占有率,本文重点研究纯电动家用轿车全生命周期成本的估算及优化。本文首先介绍了选题背景,阐述课题研究的理论意义和实践价值,回顾了国内外研究成果,引出本文的主要内容、研究方法;其次,对相关概念和理论进行了阐述,为展开纯电动家用轿车全生命周期成本优化研究提供理论支撑;再次,重点分析了纯电动家用轿车成本估算以及成本优化现状及问题,结合纯电动家用轿车全生命周期成本的构成,选择偏最小二法估算纯电动家用轿车全生命周期成本,找出影响成本的关键设计参数。同时,以估算模型得到的各阶段成本与设计参数之间的映射关系为基础,将客户需求、技术可行性、企业的预算及盈利空间作为约束条件构建成本优化模型,通过非线性数学规划求解得到最小全生命周期成本以及对应最优设计参数组合;最后,以市场上畅销的11款纯电动家用轿车为例,验证模型的有效性并提出相关政策建议。优化结果表明:无论是购置阶段、运行维护阶段还是回收报废阶段,续航里程、电池容量都是影响纯电动家用轿车成本的关键设计参数,在设计初期基于客户的日常需求,适当减小电池容量、续航里程,选配合理的车载动力电池,可以有效降低纯电动家用轿车全生命周期成本。
[Abstract]:Pure electric car as a new car field is gradually rising. The pure electric household car is becoming the development direction of the future automobile gradually because of its "low carbon, environmental protection" characteristic. Popularizing the pure electric household car becomes the important measure that our country government tries to promote the traditional automobile industry structure adjustment. At present, the pure electric household car market presents the situation of "praise not to be popular", the technology is not mature, the matching is not perfect and so on the factor causes the consumer to buy in the early stage and the later maintenance use to need to pay the high expense, therefore, In order to further expand the consumer market of pure electric car, it is necessary to control its cost effectively. The cost control range of pure electric household car should not be limited to the traditional manufacturing process, but should focus on the whole life cycle and implement the cost optimization in all directions. According to the empirical data of the general manufacturing industry, the design phase is the front end of the whole life cycle, which determines more than 70% of the total life cycle cost of the product. The key of the research on the whole life cycle cost optimization of the pure electric car is the overall cost control in the design stage. In order to provide the designers with the relevant basis to reduce the cost and expand the market share of the pure electric car, this paper focuses on the estimation and optimization of the whole life cycle cost of the pure electric car. This paper first introduces the background of the topic, expounds the theoretical significance and practical value of the research, reviews the domestic and foreign research results, leads to the main content of this paper, research methods; secondly, describes the related concepts and theories. It provides the theoretical support for the research of the whole life cycle cost optimization of the pure electric car. Thirdly, the cost estimation, the current situation and the problems of the cost optimization of the pure electric household car are analyzed emphatically. Combined with the composition of the whole life cycle cost of the pure electric household car, the partial least square method is selected to estimate the whole life cycle cost of the pure electric car, and the key design parameters affecting the cost are found out. At the same time, based on the mapping relationship between the cost and design parameters obtained from the estimation model, the cost optimization model is constructed based on the constraints of customer demand, technical feasibility, enterprise budget and profit space. The minimum life cycle cost and the corresponding optimal design parameter combination are obtained by solving nonlinear mathematical programming. Finally, the validity of the model is verified and the relevant policy recommendations are put forward by taking 11 models of pure electric household cars which are popular in the market as an example. The optimization results show that the key design parameters are the cost of pure electric car, such as purchasing stage, running and maintenance stage, recycling stage, mileage and battery capacity, which are based on the customer's daily demand at the beginning of the design. To reduce the battery capacity, the mileage of the battery and the reasonable car battery can effectively reduce the cost of the whole life cycle of the pure electric car.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.471

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