中美制造业技术差距及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 17:29

本文选题：市场化改革 + 信息技术进步　；参考：《世界经济研究》2017年08期

【摘要】：中国已经成为全球制造业大国,但制造业技术水平和产品质量同发达国家仍存在一定的差距。文章利用CES生产函数和标准化供给面系统法测算了1995~2009年中国与美国制造业技术差距,并对技术差距的影响因素进行了实证研究。测算结果表明,中美制造业技术差距在1995~1998年期间出现短暂缩小,但1999~2009年期间技术差距呈现不断扩大的趋势。从分行业看,中国的资源、能源等垄断性制造业和高端制造业同美国的技术差距较大,而消费品制造业同美国的技术差距较小。利用分行业数据实证研究表明,中美制造业技术差距扩大的主要影响因素是信息通信技术和制度环境,特别是中国20世纪90年代以来的制度改革并未有效促进信息技术进步进而缩小中美制造业技术差距。全球价值链嵌入程度在中国加入WTO后显著缩小了中美制造业技术差距。中国的人力资本积累并未有效缩小中美制造业技术差距,而且,随着人均GDP的上升,中美制造业技术差距并未呈现收敛趋势。
[Abstract]:China has become a big manufacturing country in the world, but there is still a certain gap between the manufacturing technology level and the product quality of developed countries. This paper uses CES production function and standardized supply-side system method to estimate the manufacturing technology gap between China and the United States from 1995 to 2009, and makes an empirical study on the influencing factors of the technology gap. The results show that the manufacturing technology gap between China and the United States shrank briefly from 1995 to 1998, but the technology gap between 1999 and 2009 continued to expand. In terms of industries, China's resources, energy and other monopolistic manufacturing industries and high-end manufacturing industries have a big technological gap with the United States, while consumer goods manufacturing industries have a smaller technological gap with the United States. An empirical study using sub-industry data shows that the major factors affecting the expansion of the manufacturing technology gap between China and the United States are ICT and the institutional environment. In particular, the system reform in China since 1990s has not effectively promoted the progress of information technology and narrowed the manufacturing technology gap between China and the United States. The degree of global value chain embedding has significantly narrowed the manufacturing technology gap between China and the United States after China's entry into WTO. China's human capital accumulation has not effectively narrowed the manufacturing technology gap between China and the United States, and with the increase of GDP per capita, the technology gap between China and the United States has not shown a trend of convergence.
【作者单位】：南京审计大学经济与贸易学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“环境税、环境补贴与清洁技术创新”(项目编号:15YJC790125) 国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:71573136) 江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(项目编号:16KJB580005) 江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助
【分类号】：F424;F471.2

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