国际知识溢出与吸收能力对汽车产业技术进步影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 01:32

本文选题：汽车产业 + 吸收能力　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：汽车工业作为中国产业经济中重要的支柱产业,在中国的经济发展中起着中流砥柱的作用。中国的汽车工业不仅对其上下游产业的发展具有强劲的带动作用,而且解决了大量的就业问题。因此,从宏观经济发展和社会就业两方面角度来讲,汽车工业已成为我国宏观经济的"稳定器"。在经济全球化的大背景下,中国汽车市场国际化程度不断加深,吸引了大量外资在华投资设厂与汽车产业相关产品的进口,这对中国本土汽车产业的发展产生了巨大的冲击。作为技术密集型产业,汽车产业的技术水平决定了市场占有率。那么,高技术水平的外资引进与汽车产品进口,对于我国仍在发展中的本土汽车企业是否会产生正向的知识溢出效应,是否会推动本土产业的技术进步,提高其市场占有率,以及吸收能力对国际知识溢出效应的影响,正是本文的研究重点,这对于中国汽车产业未来健康稳健的发展具有积极的现实意义。本文采用理论与实证相结合的研究方法。首先,对外国知识溢出途径进行理论分析,并将吸收能力对知识溢出影响机制分为三个方面进行讨论,根据理论分析结果建立实证模型。其次,以中国汽车产业为研究对象,实证分析国际知识溢出对中国汽车产业技术进步的影响。通过选取《汽车工业年鉴》中1998年至2015年18年间汽车工业的行业数据建立时间序列数据模型,利用ADF单位根检验验证数据平稳性,并通过差分对数据进行处理,利用协整检验研究各变量间长期相关性,利用误差修正模型验证各变量之间短期相互作用,最后通过OLS模型进行回归分析,得出变量间相关关系。研究发现,国际知识溢出主要通过FDI渠道和进口渠道对中国本土汽车企业产生影响,FDI溢出效应为负,而进口溢出效应为正;吸收能力各因素对国际知识溢出效应作用并不一致,其中技术差距具有抑制作用,科研人力和资本投入具有促进作用;技术差距度量的吸收效应对FDI和进口渠道溢出效应影响均存在正"U型"的非线性作用,即随着吸收能力的不断加强,当吸收能力超过临界点后,国际知识溢出效应将会不断增强,对我国汽车产业技术增长具有显著正影响,因此应加大内资企业技术投入,减少国内外企业技术差距,提高企业对国际知识的吸收能力。最终提出建议,中国汽车产业技术进步的关键是要挖掘和培育内部动力,而非依赖于进口和FDI溢出效应,从模仿学习到自主创新的转换是中国汽车产业技术进步路径的必然选择。
[Abstract]:As an important pillar industry in China's industrial economy, automobile industry plays an important role in China's economic development. China's automobile industry not only has a strong driving effect on the development of upstream and downstream industries, but also solves a large number of employment problems. Therefore, the automobile industry has become the "stabilizer" of our country's macro economy from the angle of macroeconomic development and social employment. Under the background of economic globalization, the degree of internationalization of China's automobile market is deepening, attracting a large number of foreign investment in China to set up factories and imports of products related to the automobile industry, which has had a huge impact on the development of China's domestic automobile industry. As a technology-intensive industry, the technical level of the automobile industry determines the market share. Well, whether the introduction of high-tech foreign capital and the import of automobile products will have a positive knowledge spillover effect on the domestic automobile enterprises that are still developing in China, whether it will promote the technological progress of local industries and increase their market share. The influence of absorptive capacity on international knowledge spillover effect is the focus of this paper, which has positive practical significance for the healthy and steady development of Chinese automobile industry in the future. This article uses the research method which the theory and the demonstration unifies. Firstly, the foreign knowledge spillover approach is theoretically analyzed, and the mechanism of absorptive capacity on knowledge spillover is divided into three aspects, and an empirical model is established according to the theoretical analysis results. Secondly, taking the Chinese automobile industry as the research object, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of international knowledge spillover on the technological progress of China's automobile industry. By selecting the industry data of automobile industry from 1998 to 2015 in the yearbook of Automobile Industry, the time series data model is established, and the data smoothness is verified by ADF unit root test, and the data is processed by difference. The cointegration test is used to study the long-term correlation of variables, the error correction model is used to verify the short-term interaction between variables, and the regression analysis of OLS model is carried out to obtain the correlation between variables. It is found that the FDI spillover effect of international knowledge spillover is negative and the import spillover effect is positive mainly through FDI channel and import channel, and the absorptive capacity factors have different effects on international knowledge spillover effect. Among them, the technology gap has the inhibition function, the scientific research manpower and the capital input have the promotion function, the absorption effect of the technology gap measure has the positive "U" nonlinear effect to the FDI and the import channel spillover effect. That is, with the continuous strengthening of absorptive capacity, when the absorptive capacity exceeds the critical point, the international knowledge spillover effect will continue to strengthen, which has a significant positive impact on the technical growth of China's automobile industry, so we should increase the technical input of domestic enterprises. Reduce the technological gap between domestic and foreign enterprises and improve their ability to absorb international knowledge. Finally, it is suggested that the key to the technological progress of China's automobile industry is to tap and cultivate internal power, rather than relying on imports and FDI spillover effects. The transformation from imitation learning to independent innovation is the inevitable choice of the technological progress path of China's automobile industry.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.471

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