中国制造业单位劳动力成本状况及变化态势——对1998-2012年制造业规模以上企业数据的测算

发布时间：2018-07-14 20:44

【摘要】：根据1998-2012年中国制造业规模以上企业数据,本文估算了中国制造业的单位劳动力成本。结果表明,在此期间制造业单位劳动力成本呈现出2004年之前有所下降随后有所上升的趋势;其中非劳动密集型产业以更高的生产率和更快的生产率增长使得其单位劳动力成本的上升部分更加平缓;分区域来看,东中西部地区的状况发生了很大的转变,当前东部地区的单位劳动力成本已高于中西部。面对劳动力成本的上涨,制造业也开始了资本替代劳动的技术选择,特别是近年来劳动密集型产业的资本深化开始超过了非劳动密集型产业,这意味着传统劳动密集型产业的艰难升级已经初现端倪。
[Abstract]:Based on the data of manufacturing enterprises in China from 1998 to 2012, this paper estimates the unit labor cost of Chinese manufacturing industry. The results show that the unit labor cost of manufacturing industry decreased before 2004 and then increased. Among them, non-labor-intensive industries with higher productivity and faster productivity growth have made the rise in unit labour costs more moderate; in the subregion, the situation in the eastern, western and central regions has changed considerably. At present, the unit labor cost of the eastern region is higher than that of the central and western regions. In the face of the rising labor costs, the manufacturing industry has also begun to choose technology to replace labor with capital, especially in recent years, the capital deepening of labor-intensive industries has begun to exceed that of non-labor-intensive industries. This means that the difficult upgrade of traditional labor-intensive industries has begun to emerge.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;
【基金】：国家“万人计划”之青年拔尖人才支持计划(2014年)“中等收入阶段的生产率提升”项目人力资源和社会保障部留学人员科技活动项目择优资助(2015年)“经济新常态下生产率的获取源泉”项目国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(批准号:71642003)的资助
【分类号】：F272.92;F424

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