全球价值链视角下我国制造业分工地位研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 08:22

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国制造业利用劳动要素禀赋优势,以代工方式嵌入全球价值链分工中,迅速建立起制造业产业集群,获得了巨大的分工收益。然而,在目前的国际分工格局中,我国制造业仍处于附加值较低的链节,我国是制造大国,但非制造强国,中国制造仍然是世界低端制造品的代名词。在欧美等发达国家提出制造业回归的背景之下,我国制造业必将再次受到冲击,因此,如何保持和提高我国在价值链分工中的地位和收益,对我国制造业的持续发展有重要意义。鉴于此,本文将基于以下几个方面展开研究:首先,结合文献述评,从分工程度和分工收益两个方面对我国制造业价值链分工地位进行度量。其中,分工程度的度量包括垂直专业化程度指数和Koopman的价值链参与度指数,分工收益的度量包括基于价值链贸易计量的国内附加值指数(DVA)、以及基于行业附加值计量的显性比较优势指数(RCA-DVA),并利用我国2000~2014年制造业行业面板数据,将我国与其他国家的价值链分工地位进行比较。结果显示,我国虽然获得的分工收益较多,但分工程度与发达国家相比还有很大差距,特别是在高技术和资本密集型制造业方面。同时,我国的显性比较优势也主要集中在劳动密集型产业,并且制造业的劳动密集型特征十分明显。其次,对制造业价值链分工地位的影响因素进行理论与实证分析。影响因素包括生产性服务业的发展状况、制造业技术水平、制造业要素禀赋、制造业行业规模,并考虑价值链分工地位的锁定效应,在模型中添加滞后因素。结果显示:生产性服务业、制造业研发投入对价值链分工地位具有显著正影响,但短期内研发投入效果不显著;制造业要素禀赋对价值链分工的影响比较复杂,资本劳动比的增加对低技术制造业有抑制作用,但对高技术制造业有促进作用,原因在于不同行业可能有不同的最佳资本劳动比;制造业行业规模对制造业的价值链分工的影响也因行业而异,总体上,行业规模盲目扩大不利于我国全球价值链分工程度的深化,并减少价值链贸易的收益,但会有效促进高技术制造业的发展,有助于产业集聚和制造业未来的优化升级;而价值链分工的锁定效应对分工程度影响较小,但显著影响分工收益。最后,本文提出政策建议,认为提升我国制造业价值链分工地位的关键在于:一方面,在国内,支持生产性服务业的发展,给予制造业技术研发支持,并引导国内外资本流向高技术制造业;另一方面,在国际上,争取我国制造业的话语权,推动更多的高技术制造业走出去。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the manufacturing industry of our country has made use of the advantage of labor factor endowment, embedded in the global value chain division of labor by way of contract construction, and has rapidly established the manufacturing industry cluster, and obtained the huge division of labor income. However, in the current international division of labor pattern, our manufacturing industry is still in a low value-added chain, China is a large manufacturing country, but not a manufacturing power, Chinese manufacturing is still a synonym for low-end manufactured goods in the world. Under the background that the developed countries such as Europe and America put forward the return of manufacturing industry, the manufacturing industry of our country will be hit again. Therefore, how to maintain and improve the position and income of our country in the division of labor in the value chain. It is of great significance to the sustainable development of our manufacturing industry. In view of this, this paper will carry on the research based on the following several aspects: first, combine the literature review, from the division of labor degree and the division of labor income two aspects carries on the measurement to our country manufacturing industry value chain division position. The measure of division of labor includes vertical specialization index and value chain participation index of Koopman. The measurement of division of labor returns includes domestic value added index (DVA),) based on value chain trade measurement and explicit comparative advantage index (RCA-DVA) based on industry value added measurement. It also uses panel data of manufacturing industry from 2000 to 2014 in China. Compare the position of value chain division between China and other countries. The results show that although the income of division of labor in China is more than that in developed countries, the degree of division of labor is still far from that of developed countries, especially in high-tech and capital-intensive manufacturing industries. At the same time, China's dominant comparative advantage is mainly concentrated in labor-intensive industries, and the labor-intensive characteristics of manufacturing are very obvious. Secondly, the influence factors of manufacturing value chain division of labor are analyzed theoretically and empirically. The influencing factors include the development of producer service industry, manufacturing technology level, manufacturing factor endowment, manufacturing industry scale, and consider the lock-in effect of value chain division of labor, adding lag factors to the model. The results show that R & D investment in producer services has a significant positive effect on the division of labor in the value chain, but the effect of R & D investment on the value chain is not significant in the short term, and the impact of factor endowment on the division of labor in the value chain is quite complex. The increase of capital-labor ratio can inhibit the low-technology manufacturing industry, but promote the high-tech manufacturing industry, because different industries may have different optimal capital-labor ratio; The impact of manufacturing industry scale on manufacturing value chain division varies with industry. In general, the blind expansion of industry scale is not conducive to deepening the division of labor in global value chain and reducing the profit of value chain trade. However, it can promote the development of high-tech manufacturing industry effectively and help the industrial agglomeration and the optimization and upgrading of manufacturing industry in the future, while the locking effect of value chain division has little effect on the degree of division of labor, but significantly affects the income of division of labor. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, and points out that the key to promote the division of labor in manufacturing value chain in China lies in: on the one hand, supporting the development of producer services in China, and giving R & D support to manufacturing technology. On the other hand, in the world, we should strive for the voice of our manufacturing industry and push more high-tech manufacturing to go out.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424

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