美德中三国制造业战略分析及对中国的启示
发布时间：2018-08-12 08:37
【摘要】：2008年全球金融危机爆发后,世界各国经济都遭受了沉重的打击。作为世界第一大经济体的美国面临着经济增速下滑、失业率升高及严重的贸易逆差等困境,为摆脱现阶段国内经济窘境,提升美国制造业全球竞争力,并在新一轮工业革命中主导制造业发展,奥巴马提出了“再工业化”的国家经济发展战略。德国作为欧洲地区制造业强国,其所处经济环境也令人堪忧,欧盟债务危机、周边国家政局动荡及来自新兴发展中国家的竞争压力都迫使德国重新审视制造业未来的发展趋势,在巩固自身制造业优势的基础上,将生产过程数字化和智能化,由此德国政府提出了“工业4.0”战略。改革开放以来,中国经济持续快速增长,到2016年中国GDP已排名世界第二。然而,中国经济的高速发展是建立在过去三十年人口红利、过度消耗能源和资源的基础上进行的粗放式经济发展,要改变这一现状,中国就要进行产业结构的优化升级。于是,李克强总理提出了“中国制造2025”的宏大计划,将中国制造做大做强。在此背景下,深入研究美、德两国“重振制造业”战略、分析其已实施措施所取得的战略成效,并将两者进行横向比较,总结其经验教训,将有利于中国后续政策的制定和实施,对中国制造业的发展具有启示作用。基于上述原因和背景,本文从六个部分进行了阐述。文章第一部分介绍了选题背景和研究意义,并梳理归纳了国内外学者对美、德两国战略的一些观点,进而提出本文的研究内容。文章第二部分详细描述了中国制造业现状及“中国制造2025”的战略内容。文章第三部分重点介绍了美、德两国“重振制造业”战略的内容,并简要了解了其对中国制造业的影响。文章第四部分则对美、德、中三国所提出的三大战略从目标、重点领域、核心内容到具体措施进行横向比较分析,分析三者的异同点。文章第五部分主要对美国战略措施取得的成效和德国“工业4.0”的进展情况进行分析,并对影响制造业发展的因素进行实证分析,试图寻找最能推动制造业发展的重要力量。文章第六部分主要鉴于上述内容对中国制造业的发展提出政策建议。
[Abstract]:After the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, the world economy suffered a heavy blow. As the largest economy in the world, the United States is faced with economic growth decline, rising unemployment rate and serious trade deficit and other difficulties. In order to get rid of the current domestic economic dilemma and enhance the global competitiveness of the United States manufacturing industry, And in the new round of industrial revolution leading manufacturing development, Obama proposed the "re-industrialization" of the national economic development strategy. As a manufacturing power in Europe, Germany is also in a worrying economic environment. The debt crisis in the EU, the political turmoil in neighboring countries and the competitive pressure from emerging developing countries have forced Germany to re-examine the future development trend of manufacturing. On the basis of consolidating its manufacturing advantages, the manufacturing process is digitized and intelligentized, and the German government puts forward the strategy of "Industry 4.0". Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has continued to grow rapidly. By 2016, China's GDP has ranked second in the world. However, China's rapid economic development is based on the past 30 years of population dividend, excessive consumption of energy and resources on the basis of extensive economic development, in order to change this situation, China must carry out industrial structure optimization and upgrading. As a result, Prime Minister Li Keqiang put forward the "made in China 2025" grand plan, made in China to make bigger and stronger. In this context, the strategy of "revitalizing the manufacturing industry" between the United States and Germany is studied in depth, and the strategic results achieved by the measures implemented are analyzed, and the two countries are compared horizontally, and their experiences and lessons are summarized. It will be beneficial to the formulation and implementation of China's follow-up policy and enlighten the development of China's manufacturing industry. Based on the above reasons and background, this paper expounds from six parts. The first part of the article introduces the background and significance of the topic, and summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars on the strategy of the United States, Germany and some points of view, and then put forward the research content of this paper. The second part describes the current situation of China's manufacturing industry and the strategic content of "made in China 2025". The third part focuses on the contents of the strategy of "revitalizing manufacturing industry" between the United States and Germany, and a brief understanding of its impact on China's manufacturing industry. In the fourth part, the author makes a horizontal comparative analysis of the three strategies proposed by the United States, Germany and China from the objectives, key areas, core contents to concrete measures, and analyzes the similarities and differences among the three strategies. The fifth part of the article mainly analyzes the achievements of American strategic measures and the progress of "Industry 4.0" in Germany, and makes an empirical analysis of the factors that affect the development of manufacturing industry, in order to find the most important force to promote the development of manufacturing industry. The sixth part of the article mainly in view of the above content to the development of China's manufacturing industry put forward policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424
本文编号：2178523
[Abstract]:After the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, the world economy suffered a heavy blow. As the largest economy in the world, the United States is faced with economic growth decline, rising unemployment rate and serious trade deficit and other difficulties. In order to get rid of the current domestic economic dilemma and enhance the global competitiveness of the United States manufacturing industry, And in the new round of industrial revolution leading manufacturing development, Obama proposed the "re-industrialization" of the national economic development strategy. As a manufacturing power in Europe, Germany is also in a worrying economic environment. The debt crisis in the EU, the political turmoil in neighboring countries and the competitive pressure from emerging developing countries have forced Germany to re-examine the future development trend of manufacturing. On the basis of consolidating its manufacturing advantages, the manufacturing process is digitized and intelligentized, and the German government puts forward the strategy of "Industry 4.0". Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has continued to grow rapidly. By 2016, China's GDP has ranked second in the world. However, China's rapid economic development is based on the past 30 years of population dividend, excessive consumption of energy and resources on the basis of extensive economic development, in order to change this situation, China must carry out industrial structure optimization and upgrading. As a result, Prime Minister Li Keqiang put forward the "made in China 2025" grand plan, made in China to make bigger and stronger. In this context, the strategy of "revitalizing the manufacturing industry" between the United States and Germany is studied in depth, and the strategic results achieved by the measures implemented are analyzed, and the two countries are compared horizontally, and their experiences and lessons are summarized. It will be beneficial to the formulation and implementation of China's follow-up policy and enlighten the development of China's manufacturing industry. Based on the above reasons and background, this paper expounds from six parts. The first part of the article introduces the background and significance of the topic, and summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars on the strategy of the United States, Germany and some points of view, and then put forward the research content of this paper. The second part describes the current situation of China's manufacturing industry and the strategic content of "made in China 2025". The third part focuses on the contents of the strategy of "revitalizing manufacturing industry" between the United States and Germany, and a brief understanding of its impact on China's manufacturing industry. In the fourth part, the author makes a horizontal comparative analysis of the three strategies proposed by the United States, Germany and China from the objectives, key areas, core contents to concrete measures, and analyzes the similarities and differences among the three strategies. The fifth part of the article mainly analyzes the achievements of American strategic measures and the progress of "Industry 4.0" in Germany, and makes an empirical analysis of the factors that affect the development of manufacturing industry, in order to find the most important force to promote the development of manufacturing industry. The sixth part of the article mainly in view of the above content to the development of China's manufacturing industry put forward policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424
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