基于随机前沿模型的中国机电产品出口效率及其影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-10-10 07:20
【摘要】：自1995年起,机电产品已成为中国第一大类出口商品,且从2004年以来机电产品占据商品出口总量始终超过50%的份额。机电产品在中国对外贸易中占据了重要地位,为我国创造了大量外汇收入,对中国国民经济平稳运行、对外贸易发展及国际收支平衡做出了巨大贡献。虽然中国机电产品出口规模在不断增加,但增长势头开始逐渐放缓,2005年机电产品出口增长率为31.61%,到2014年已下降到3.26%,机电产品出口对中国经济发展的支撑力逐渐下降。鉴于机电产品出口前景不佳,在这样的背景下开展对中国机电产品出口效率的研究对于继续挖掘我国机电产品出口潜力及保证我国对外贸易平稳发展具有重要的现实意义。本文试图从出口效率及其影响因素的角度对中国机电产品出口加以研究,期望能为中国机电产品出口贸易提供借鉴。本文运用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方式,将传统引力模型与随机前沿模型相结合,采用随机前沿模型对中国机电产品出口效率进行了测算,通过参考前人的研究成果并结合机电产品的特点,选取了区域贸易协定、亚太经济合作组织、关税水平、技术性贸易壁垒及制度建设程度作为机电产品出口效率影响因素进行分析。全文共为六个部分。首先阐述论文的选题背景研究意义、相关文献综述、论文框架、研究方法等;随后对出口效率的理论内涵进行了概括,并对区域经济一体化理论、关税理论、制度理论及关于技术性贸易壁垒的相关理论进行简要介绍;第三部分对中国机电产品出口额与增长率、市场分布、商品结构与贸易方式四个方面进行了概括;第四部分建立随机前沿模型对中国机电产品出口效率进行了测算并对不同地区进行了比较;第五部分在前文的基础上中国机电产品出口效率影响因素的分析,测算了各个因素影响的大小;第六部分针对中国机电产品出口存在的问题,结合五个出口效率影响因素,提出了提高机电产品出口效率的对策建议。研究结果表明:2014年中国机电产品出口效率算术平均值为0.35,对北美的出口效率最高,其次为南美、亚洲、非洲,对欧洲的出口效率最低;区域贸易协定、亚太经济合作组织及较高的制度建设程度都能对中国机电产品出口效率起到提高作用,技术性贸易壁垒起抑制作用且影响较强,关税水平同样起负面作用。通过分析提出以下建议:第一,政府积极参与区域贸易协定,降低关税壁垒;第二,政府、企业与行业协会共同应对TBT;第三,提高制度质量,缩小制度距离。
[Abstract]:Since 1995, mechanical and electrical products have become the largest category of export commodities in China, and since 2004, mechanical and electrical products have occupied more than 50% of the total export volume of commodities. Mechanical and electrical products play an important role in China's foreign trade, create a large amount of foreign exchange income for China, and make a great contribution to the smooth operation of China's national economy, the development of foreign trade and the balance of international payments. Although the export scale of China's mechanical and electrical products is increasing, the growth trend is gradually slowing down. In 2005, the export growth rate of mechanical and electrical products was 31.61%, but by 2014 it had dropped to 3.26%, and the support of the export of mechanical and electrical products to China's economic development was gradually declining. In view of the poor prospect of export of mechanical and electrical products, it is of great practical significance to study the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products under this background in order to continue to tap the export potential of China's mechanical and electrical products and to ensure the smooth development of China's foreign trade. This paper attempts to study the export of China's mechanical and electrical products from the point of view of export efficiency and its influencing factors, hoping to provide reference for China's export of mechanical and electrical products. In this paper, by combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the traditional gravitational model and stochastic frontier model are combined to measure the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products. By referring to the previous research results and combining the characteristics of mechanical and electrical products, selected regional trade agreements, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, tariff levels, Technical barriers to trade (TBT) and the degree of system construction are analyzed as the factors affecting the export efficiency of mechatronic products. The thesis consists of six parts. First of all, this paper describes the significance of the research background, related literature review, paper framework, research methods, etc.; then the theoretical connotation of export efficiency is summarized, and the regional economic integration theory, tariff theory, etc. The third part summarizes the export volume and growth rate of China's mechanical and electrical products, market distribution, commodity structure and trade mode. The fourth part establishes a stochastic frontier model to measure and compare the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products. The fifth part analyzes the factors affecting the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products on the basis of the above. In the sixth part, aiming at the problems existing in the export of China's mechanical and electrical products, combined with five factors affecting the export efficiency, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the export efficiency of mechanical and electrical products. The results show that the arithmetic average of export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products in 2014 is 0.35, with the highest efficiency to North America, followed by South America, Asia and Africa, and the lowest export efficiency to Europe. APEC and the higher degree of institutional construction can improve the efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products export, the technical barriers to trade have a strong influence and the tariff level also plays a negative role. The following suggestions are put forward through the analysis: first, the government actively participates in regional trade agreements to reduce tariff barriers; second, the government, enterprises and trade associations jointly deal with TBT; third, improve the quality of the system and narrow the system distance.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62;F426.6
本文编号：2261139
[Abstract]:Since 1995, mechanical and electrical products have become the largest category of export commodities in China, and since 2004, mechanical and electrical products have occupied more than 50% of the total export volume of commodities. Mechanical and electrical products play an important role in China's foreign trade, create a large amount of foreign exchange income for China, and make a great contribution to the smooth operation of China's national economy, the development of foreign trade and the balance of international payments. Although the export scale of China's mechanical and electrical products is increasing, the growth trend is gradually slowing down. In 2005, the export growth rate of mechanical and electrical products was 31.61%, but by 2014 it had dropped to 3.26%, and the support of the export of mechanical and electrical products to China's economic development was gradually declining. In view of the poor prospect of export of mechanical and electrical products, it is of great practical significance to study the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products under this background in order to continue to tap the export potential of China's mechanical and electrical products and to ensure the smooth development of China's foreign trade. This paper attempts to study the export of China's mechanical and electrical products from the point of view of export efficiency and its influencing factors, hoping to provide reference for China's export of mechanical and electrical products. In this paper, by combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the traditional gravitational model and stochastic frontier model are combined to measure the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products. By referring to the previous research results and combining the characteristics of mechanical and electrical products, selected regional trade agreements, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, tariff levels, Technical barriers to trade (TBT) and the degree of system construction are analyzed as the factors affecting the export efficiency of mechatronic products. The thesis consists of six parts. First of all, this paper describes the significance of the research background, related literature review, paper framework, research methods, etc.; then the theoretical connotation of export efficiency is summarized, and the regional economic integration theory, tariff theory, etc. The third part summarizes the export volume and growth rate of China's mechanical and electrical products, market distribution, commodity structure and trade mode. The fourth part establishes a stochastic frontier model to measure and compare the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products. The fifth part analyzes the factors affecting the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products on the basis of the above. In the sixth part, aiming at the problems existing in the export of China's mechanical and electrical products, combined with five factors affecting the export efficiency, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the export efficiency of mechanical and electrical products. The results show that the arithmetic average of export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products in 2014 is 0.35, with the highest efficiency to North America, followed by South America, Asia and Africa, and the lowest export efficiency to Europe. APEC and the higher degree of institutional construction can improve the efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products export, the technical barriers to trade have a strong influence and the tariff level also plays a negative role. The following suggestions are put forward through the analysis: first, the government actively participates in regional trade agreements to reduce tariff barriers; second, the government, enterprises and trade associations jointly deal with TBT; third, improve the quality of the system and narrow the system distance.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62;F426.6
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