基于生态位的装备制造业升级路径研究
发布时间：2018-11-14 16:57
【摘要】：装备制造业在制造业价值链当中位于高端位置,具有技术密集、资本集中、附加值高、对关联行业带动性大等特点。不仅是国家综合竞争力和核心能力的重要显示,还是我国日后国民经济发展的中坚力量。然而与发达国家对比,我国装备制造业企业具备以下特征:第一,缺乏核心竞争力,依赖发达国家的技术能力;第二,处于价值链的中低端,技术资本偏低,在价值创造过程中获利微薄。因此我国亟需大力发展装备制造业,缩短与发达国家的距离,实现装备制造企业升级。本文从企业生态位的理论出发,全面剖析了对生态位理论进行深入研究的相关专家、学者的成果,以及装备制造行业的特征,从需求、资源、文化、技术生态位因子四个维度及具体可量化的指标确认了装备制造企业的生态位评价指标体系。本文运用沪深两市2015年装备制造业上市公司的数据指标,剔除掉指标数据信息不全、ST、ST*企业,最后选取了950家企业作为分析评价的样本。对原始数据进行初步处理后,结合突变论,运用突变级数法衡量企业生态位。最后针对不同生态位特征的企业提出了对应的升级路径。研究得出如下结论:⑴装备制造业的类别发展规模和生态位是不均衡的。电器机械及器材业规模排名第二,综合生态位排名是第五,规模大而综合生态位不高,大而不强;交通运输设备业平均综合生态位排名第一,规模排名第五,规模较小而综合生态位排名高。⑵生态位的评价方法有助于得到企业在需求、资源、文化、技术生态位四个方面及综合后的发展情况,每个企业生态位因子情况各不相同,是不同生态位企业得出升级路径的依据。装备制造企业在充分考虑了内外部环境因素后,可以选择规避自身不足或者利用优势改善不足之处有从而针对性地实现企业升级。⑶装备制造业综合生态位与技术生态位总体上大致表现从东部、中部、西部递减的梯度趋势。⑷每个企业生态位因子情况各不相同,综合生态位是4个因子共同作用的结果。其中企业个体间技术生态位差异最明显,也是影响综合生态位的最主要因素,技术生态位与资源生态位显著相关,因此提升综合生态位的关键是提升技术生态位,提升技术生态位还要依赖资源生态位。⑸东北、西北、西南地区综合生态位落后,并且都具有金属制品业生态位高的特点。从具体的主营业务内容来分析,相当多的企业从事初级产品的加工,产业链附加值水平低,严重制约了装备制造业发展水平,亟需促进中高端装备制造业的发展。
[Abstract]:The equipment manufacturing industry is located in the high-end position in the manufacturing value chain, with the characteristics of technology intensive, capital concentration, high added value, and great driving force to the related industries. It is not only the important manifestation of national comprehensive competitiveness and core competence, but also the backbone of national economic development in the future. However, compared with developed countries, China's equipment manufacturing enterprises have the following characteristics: first, lack of core competitiveness, relying on the technical capabilities of developed countries; Second, at the middle and low end of the value chain, the technical capital is low and the profit is meagre in the process of value creation. Therefore, it is urgent for our country to develop the equipment manufacturing industry, shorten the distance from the developed countries and upgrade the equipment manufacturing enterprises. Based on the theory of enterprise niche, this paper comprehensively analyzes the achievements of experts and scholars who have deeply studied niche theory, as well as the characteristics of equipment manufacturing industry, in terms of demand, resources, culture, The four dimensions of the technological niche factor and the specific quantifiable indexes confirm the evaluation index system of the equipment manufacturing enterprise's niche. This paper uses the data index of the equipment manufacturing listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets in 2015 to eliminate the incomplete information of the index data and ST,ST* enterprises. Finally, 950 enterprises are selected as samples for the analysis and evaluation. After the initial processing of the original data, combined with the catastrophe theory, the sudden change series method is used to measure the enterprise niche. Finally, the corresponding upgrade path is proposed for enterprises with different niche characteristics. The conclusions are as follows: 1 the scale and niche of equipment manufacturing industry are unbalanced. The scale of electrical machinery and equipment industry ranked second, comprehensive niche ranked fifth, large and comprehensive niche is not high, large and not strong; Transportation equipment industry ranked first in average comprehensive niche, fifth in scale, small in scale and high in comprehensive niche. The four aspects of technological niche and the development situation after synthesis, each enterprise niche factors are different, which is the basis for different niche enterprises to get the upgrade path. After fully considering the internal and external environmental factors, the equipment manufacturing enterprises, We can choose to avoid their own shortcomings or use their advantages to improve their deficiencies. 3 the overall performance of the integrated niche and technology niche of the equipment manufacturing industry is from the east to the middle. The gradient trend of decline in western China. 4 the situation of niche factors of each enterprise is different, and the comprehensive niche is the result of the four factors acting together. Among them, the difference of technology niche among enterprises is the most obvious, and it is also the most important factor that affects the comprehensive niche. Technology niche is significantly related to resource niche, so the key to enhance the integrated niche is to upgrade the technology niche. The promotion of technological niche also depends on the resource niche. 5 the comprehensive niche of northeast and southwest of China is backward, and all of them have the characteristics of high niche in metal products industry. From the analysis of the main business content, quite a lot of enterprises are engaged in the processing of primary products, and the low value-added level of the industrial chain seriously restricts the development level of the equipment manufacturing industry, so it is urgent to promote the development of the middle and high-end equipment manufacturing industry.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426
本文编号：2331759
[Abstract]:The equipment manufacturing industry is located in the high-end position in the manufacturing value chain, with the characteristics of technology intensive, capital concentration, high added value, and great driving force to the related industries. It is not only the important manifestation of national comprehensive competitiveness and core competence, but also the backbone of national economic development in the future. However, compared with developed countries, China's equipment manufacturing enterprises have the following characteristics: first, lack of core competitiveness, relying on the technical capabilities of developed countries; Second, at the middle and low end of the value chain, the technical capital is low and the profit is meagre in the process of value creation. Therefore, it is urgent for our country to develop the equipment manufacturing industry, shorten the distance from the developed countries and upgrade the equipment manufacturing enterprises. Based on the theory of enterprise niche, this paper comprehensively analyzes the achievements of experts and scholars who have deeply studied niche theory, as well as the characteristics of equipment manufacturing industry, in terms of demand, resources, culture, The four dimensions of the technological niche factor and the specific quantifiable indexes confirm the evaluation index system of the equipment manufacturing enterprise's niche. This paper uses the data index of the equipment manufacturing listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets in 2015 to eliminate the incomplete information of the index data and ST,ST* enterprises. Finally, 950 enterprises are selected as samples for the analysis and evaluation. After the initial processing of the original data, combined with the catastrophe theory, the sudden change series method is used to measure the enterprise niche. Finally, the corresponding upgrade path is proposed for enterprises with different niche characteristics. The conclusions are as follows: 1 the scale and niche of equipment manufacturing industry are unbalanced. The scale of electrical machinery and equipment industry ranked second, comprehensive niche ranked fifth, large and comprehensive niche is not high, large and not strong; Transportation equipment industry ranked first in average comprehensive niche, fifth in scale, small in scale and high in comprehensive niche. The four aspects of technological niche and the development situation after synthesis, each enterprise niche factors are different, which is the basis for different niche enterprises to get the upgrade path. After fully considering the internal and external environmental factors, the equipment manufacturing enterprises, We can choose to avoid their own shortcomings or use their advantages to improve their deficiencies. 3 the overall performance of the integrated niche and technology niche of the equipment manufacturing industry is from the east to the middle. The gradient trend of decline in western China. 4 the situation of niche factors of each enterprise is different, and the comprehensive niche is the result of the four factors acting together. Among them, the difference of technology niche among enterprises is the most obvious, and it is also the most important factor that affects the comprehensive niche. Technology niche is significantly related to resource niche, so the key to enhance the integrated niche is to upgrade the technology niche. The promotion of technological niche also depends on the resource niche. 5 the comprehensive niche of northeast and southwest of China is backward, and all of them have the characteristics of high niche in metal products industry. From the analysis of the main business content, quite a lot of enterprises are engaged in the processing of primary products, and the low value-added level of the industrial chain seriously restricts the development level of the equipment manufacturing industry, so it is urgent to promote the development of the middle and high-end equipment manufacturing industry.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426
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