能源气候外部性价格的测算思路与实现路径研究
发布时间：2018-11-24 13:20
【摘要】：能源是经济发展必不可少的生产要素,能源使用量与经济增长具有正相关的关系,能源促进经济增长,反过来经济增长加大对能源的需求量。但能源的使用过程中应当注意污染问题,尤其是化石能源。化石能源含碳量较高,在使用过程中会产生大量的温室气体,再加上森林乱砍乱伐,环境破坏较为严重,温室气体极易引起气候的异常变化。现阶段,全球温室气体的排放量已经远远超过以前的水平,经济高速发展带来的环境问题出现在各国面前。所以,理清能源与经济发展之间的关系,寻找合适的方法解决温室气体排放十分重要。我国现阶段已经积极转变发展模式,从粗放式发展向低碳经济慢慢转变,积极调整能源结构和产业结构,促进节能减排,降低碳排放量。近些年我国在国际会议上,积极履行大国义务,对减少碳排放下定决心,制定一系列减排目标,争取早日达到碳排放峰值。面对能耗量巨大,碳排放增多的情况,应该认清能源价格与能源消费之间的关系,从能源价格方面入手,对化石能源的使用量进行调控。完善我国能源价格体系,对能源所产生的负外部性征收能源税,利用能源价格的变化调整能源结构和资本投入比例,进一步提高节能技术的进步。本文针对气候变化、温室气体排放与能源消耗之间的关系,尝试提出能源气候外部性价格的概念,理清与能源价格的关系,完善现有能源价格体系,达到促进碳减排的作用。能源气候外部性价格利用能源消耗所产生对环境影响的负外部性效应,将其以能源税或者能源补贴的方式等手段,增加到现有的能源价格当中,属于能源价格的一方面。能源气候外部性价格提高传统化石能源的成本投入和能源消耗碳排放成本,从而相对降低清洁可再生能源的投入成本,形成有利于促进温室气体减排的能源价格体系。并且通过KAYA恒等式分析碳排放强度的因素,从能源强度和能源结构两个方面进行分析,验证对碳排放强度的影响。以能源税的方式为例,对能源消耗强度利用能源与资本替代方式降低碳排放强度,对能源消耗结构利用能源之间替代方式降低碳排放强度,并且进行微观层面的经济学分析。通过实证方式进行碳排放峰值的预测,确定单位GDP能源强度需要累计下降52.3%,单位能源碳排放强度需要累计下降26.7%的减排目标。采用相关研究数据对减排目标进行计算,得出化石能源税收上调不低于现有能源价格的33.3%水平,可再生能源的补贴水平提高不低于现阶段补贴的96.6%。最后部分介绍相应的结论和路径,从三个方面对能源气候外部性价格的实现路径进行阐述,运用能源税收补贴相结合作用来达到碳减排的目标,体现出能源气候外部性价格,完善现有的能源价格机制,使经济得到更好的发展。
[Abstract]:Energy is an essential factor of production for economic development. Energy use has a positive correlation with economic growth. Energy promotes economic growth, which in turn increases the demand for energy. However, attention should be paid to pollution in the process of energy use, especially fossil energy. The carbon content of fossil energy is high and a large amount of greenhouse gas will be produced in the process of use. In addition, the environment is destroyed seriously because of the deforestation. The greenhouse gas is easy to cause the abnormal change of climate. At this stage, the global greenhouse gas emissions have far exceeded the previous level, the rapid economic development brought environmental problems in front of countries. Therefore, it is important to clarify the relationship between energy and economic development and find appropriate solutions to greenhouse gas emissions. At the present stage, our country has changed the development mode actively, from extensive development to low carbon economy, adjusting energy structure and industrial structure, promoting energy saving and emission reduction, reducing carbon emissions. In recent years, in international conferences, China has actively fulfilled the obligations of big countries, determined to reduce carbon emissions, set a series of emission reduction targets, and strive to reach the peak of carbon emissions as soon as possible. In the face of huge energy consumption and increasing carbon emissions, we should recognize the relationship between energy price and energy consumption, and control the use of fossil energy from the aspect of energy price. We should perfect the energy price system of our country, levy energy tax on the negative externalities produced by energy, adjust the energy structure and capital investment ratio by using the change of energy price, and further improve the progress of energy saving technology. Aiming at the relationship among climate change, greenhouse gas emission and energy consumption, this paper tries to put forward the concept of energy climate externality price, clarify the relationship between energy price and energy price, perfect the existing energy price system, and achieve the function of promoting carbon emission reduction. The energy climate externality price takes advantage of the negative externality effect of energy consumption on the environment, and increases it to the existing energy price by means of energy tax or energy subsidy, which belongs to one aspect of energy price. The energy climate externality price increases the traditional fossil energy cost input and the energy consumption carbon emission cost, thus relatively reduces the clean and renewable energy input cost, forms the energy price system which is advantageous to promote the greenhouse gas emission reduction. And through the KAYA identity analysis of carbon emission intensity factors from the energy intensity and energy structure to verify the impact of carbon emission intensity. Taking energy tax as an example, using energy consumption intensity and capital substitution to reduce carbon emission intensity, energy consumption structure using alternative energy mode to reduce carbon emission intensity, and microcosmic economic analysis. By forecasting the peak value of carbon emission, the energy intensity per unit GDP should be reduced by 52.3%, and the emission intensity per unit energy should be reduced by 26.7%. Using the relevant research data to calculate the emission reduction target, it is concluded that the tax increase of fossil energy is no less than 33.3% of the existing energy price, and the subsidy level of renewable energy is not lower than that of the current subsidy. The last part introduces the corresponding conclusions and paths, from three aspects of the energy climate externality price realization path is expounded, using the energy tax subsidies to achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction, reflects the energy climate externality price. Improve the existing energy price mechanism, so that the economy gets better development.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.2
本文编号：2353877
[Abstract]:Energy is an essential factor of production for economic development. Energy use has a positive correlation with economic growth. Energy promotes economic growth, which in turn increases the demand for energy. However, attention should be paid to pollution in the process of energy use, especially fossil energy. The carbon content of fossil energy is high and a large amount of greenhouse gas will be produced in the process of use. In addition, the environment is destroyed seriously because of the deforestation. The greenhouse gas is easy to cause the abnormal change of climate. At this stage, the global greenhouse gas emissions have far exceeded the previous level, the rapid economic development brought environmental problems in front of countries. Therefore, it is important to clarify the relationship between energy and economic development and find appropriate solutions to greenhouse gas emissions. At the present stage, our country has changed the development mode actively, from extensive development to low carbon economy, adjusting energy structure and industrial structure, promoting energy saving and emission reduction, reducing carbon emissions. In recent years, in international conferences, China has actively fulfilled the obligations of big countries, determined to reduce carbon emissions, set a series of emission reduction targets, and strive to reach the peak of carbon emissions as soon as possible. In the face of huge energy consumption and increasing carbon emissions, we should recognize the relationship between energy price and energy consumption, and control the use of fossil energy from the aspect of energy price. We should perfect the energy price system of our country, levy energy tax on the negative externalities produced by energy, adjust the energy structure and capital investment ratio by using the change of energy price, and further improve the progress of energy saving technology. Aiming at the relationship among climate change, greenhouse gas emission and energy consumption, this paper tries to put forward the concept of energy climate externality price, clarify the relationship between energy price and energy price, perfect the existing energy price system, and achieve the function of promoting carbon emission reduction. The energy climate externality price takes advantage of the negative externality effect of energy consumption on the environment, and increases it to the existing energy price by means of energy tax or energy subsidy, which belongs to one aspect of energy price. The energy climate externality price increases the traditional fossil energy cost input and the energy consumption carbon emission cost, thus relatively reduces the clean and renewable energy input cost, forms the energy price system which is advantageous to promote the greenhouse gas emission reduction. And through the KAYA identity analysis of carbon emission intensity factors from the energy intensity and energy structure to verify the impact of carbon emission intensity. Taking energy tax as an example, using energy consumption intensity and capital substitution to reduce carbon emission intensity, energy consumption structure using alternative energy mode to reduce carbon emission intensity, and microcosmic economic analysis. By forecasting the peak value of carbon emission, the energy intensity per unit GDP should be reduced by 52.3%, and the emission intensity per unit energy should be reduced by 26.7%. Using the relevant research data to calculate the emission reduction target, it is concluded that the tax increase of fossil energy is no less than 33.3% of the existing energy price, and the subsidy level of renewable energy is not lower than that of the current subsidy. The last part introduces the corresponding conclusions and paths, from three aspects of the energy climate externality price realization path is expounded, using the energy tax subsidies to achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction, reflects the energy climate externality price. Improve the existing energy price mechanism, so that the economy gets better development.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.2
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