基于SBM模型的中国工业效率评价
发布时间：2019-03-14 20:06
【摘要】：随着不可再生资源的日益短缺,环境污染的逐步恶化,人们逐渐意识到长期以来不可持续的“粗狂型”经济发展的种种弊端,更加重视可持续的绿色经济发展。如何在提高经济增长效率的同时,降低环境资源的负荷,实现经济、环境、资源的多赢,是当今社会面临的严峻挑战。本文首先搭建了测量工业效率的指标体系,共选取五个指标用于工业效率评价。投入方面,选取包含资源、资本、劳动三种要素的投入指标,分别为能源消费总量指标、固定资产合计指标、全部从业人员年平均人数指标。产出方面,包含两个方面,其一为工业销售产值作为期望产出指标,其二为空气污染物二氧化硫作为非期望指标。进而考虑模型的选择,由于需要分析带有环境污染物的非期望产出部分,并且传统的DEA模型(如CCR和BCC模型)属于径向(从原点出发的射线)和角度(考虑选择投入和产出角度测量)的测量模型,测量会存在一定的误差。而Tone提出的SBM-Undesirable模型,运用非径向非角度的方法更切合实际的测算包含松弛变量的非期望产出模型。因此本文选用SBM-Undesirable模型对各个省市工业效率进行评价,并把我国大陆30个省市划分为东部、东北、中部、西部四个地区,进行分析比较。在运用SBM模型测算出各个省市工业效率的同时,得出各个变量的松弛量,将松弛量除以对应变量的投入值(或产出值)得到该变量的冗余率。对各个变量的冗余率进行比较分析,得出空气污染物二氧化硫的冗余率较大,是导致工业经济效率损失的主要原因。为进一步分析工业效率的影响因素,选取产业结构、教育、外商投资、专利这4个方面数据对工业效率面板数据进行回归建模,并对结果进行分析。最后,在归纳前文实证分析的基础上得出结论并给出相应的政策建议。以2005-2011年我国30个省级经济单元为研究对象,采用包含非期望产出的SBM-Undesirable模型,测算我国工业经济在环境资源影响下的效率。研究结果表明:从动态发展的角度可以看出,在环境资源约束下全国范围内各个地区的工业经济效率逐步提升。静态观察发现,地区之间协调性水平存在明显的差距。我国东部沿海地区考虑环境资源的工业效率最高,依次为东北、中部、西部综合经济区。用各个松弛量计算出相应变量的冗余率,分析各个地区工业效率损失的主要原因依次是二氧化硫排放量过多、能源投入量多过、工作人员投入量过多。进一步对影响我国工业效率的因素进行研究,发现产业结构升级、接受教育年数提高、外商投资增多都能有利于工业与资源环境的共赢。
[Abstract]:With the increasing shortage of non-renewable resources and the gradual deterioration of environmental pollution, people gradually realize the drawbacks of the unsustainable "rough" economic development, and pay more attention to the sustainable green economic development. How to improve the efficiency of economic growth, reduce the load of environmental resources and realize the win-win of economy, environment and resources is a severe challenge faced by the society today. In this paper, the index system of measuring industrial efficiency is set up, and five indexes are selected to evaluate the industrial efficiency. In the aspect of input, the input indexes including resources, capital and labor are respectively the total energy consumption index, the fixed assets total index, and the annual average number of all the employees. The output includes two aspects: one is the industrial sales output as the expected output, the other is the air pollutant sulfur dioxide as the non-expected indicator. Then consider the choice of the model, because of the need to analyze the undesired output portion with environmental pollutants, And the traditional DEA model (such as CCR and BCC model) belongs to radial (ray from origin) and angle (considering input and output angle measurement). There will be some errors in measurement. The SBM-Undesirable model proposed by Tone is more practical to calculate the non-expected output model with relaxation variables by using the method of non-radial and non-angle. Therefore, this paper selects the SBM-Undesirable model to evaluate the industrial efficiency of every province and city, and divides 30 provinces and cities in mainland China into four regions: eastern, northeast, central and western, and makes an analysis and comparison. While using SBM model to calculate the industrial efficiency of each province and city, the relaxation quantity of each variable is obtained, and the redundancy rate of the variable is obtained by dividing the relaxation quantity by the input value (or the output value) of the corresponding variable. By comparing and analyzing the redundancy rate of each variable, it is concluded that the large redundancy rate of air pollutant sulfur dioxide is the main reason leading to the loss of industrial economic efficiency. In order to further analyze the influencing factors of industrial efficiency, the data of industrial structure, education, foreign investment and patent are selected to model the panel data of industrial efficiency, and the results are analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the above empirical analysis, the conclusion is drawn and the corresponding policy recommendations are given. Taking 30 provincial economic units in China from 2005 to 2011 as the object of study, the efficiency of China's industrial economy under the influence of environmental resources is measured by using the SBM-Undesirable model with non-expected output. The results show that: from the point of view of dynamic development, under the restriction of environment and resources, the industrial economic efficiency of every region in the whole country is gradually improved. Static observation found that there was a significant gap in the level of coordination between regions. The industrial efficiency of environmental resources in the eastern coastal areas of China is the highest, followed by the northeast, central and western integrated economic zones. The redundancy rate of the corresponding variables is calculated by using each relaxation quantity. The main reasons for the loss of industrial efficiency in each region are in turn excessive sulfur dioxide emissions, excessive energy input and excessive input by staff. It is found that the upgrading of industrial structure, the increase of years of education and the increase of foreign investment are beneficial to the win-win situation of industry and resource environment.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424
本文编号：2440326
[Abstract]:With the increasing shortage of non-renewable resources and the gradual deterioration of environmental pollution, people gradually realize the drawbacks of the unsustainable "rough" economic development, and pay more attention to the sustainable green economic development. How to improve the efficiency of economic growth, reduce the load of environmental resources and realize the win-win of economy, environment and resources is a severe challenge faced by the society today. In this paper, the index system of measuring industrial efficiency is set up, and five indexes are selected to evaluate the industrial efficiency. In the aspect of input, the input indexes including resources, capital and labor are respectively the total energy consumption index, the fixed assets total index, and the annual average number of all the employees. The output includes two aspects: one is the industrial sales output as the expected output, the other is the air pollutant sulfur dioxide as the non-expected indicator. Then consider the choice of the model, because of the need to analyze the undesired output portion with environmental pollutants, And the traditional DEA model (such as CCR and BCC model) belongs to radial (ray from origin) and angle (considering input and output angle measurement). There will be some errors in measurement. The SBM-Undesirable model proposed by Tone is more practical to calculate the non-expected output model with relaxation variables by using the method of non-radial and non-angle. Therefore, this paper selects the SBM-Undesirable model to evaluate the industrial efficiency of every province and city, and divides 30 provinces and cities in mainland China into four regions: eastern, northeast, central and western, and makes an analysis and comparison. While using SBM model to calculate the industrial efficiency of each province and city, the relaxation quantity of each variable is obtained, and the redundancy rate of the variable is obtained by dividing the relaxation quantity by the input value (or the output value) of the corresponding variable. By comparing and analyzing the redundancy rate of each variable, it is concluded that the large redundancy rate of air pollutant sulfur dioxide is the main reason leading to the loss of industrial economic efficiency. In order to further analyze the influencing factors of industrial efficiency, the data of industrial structure, education, foreign investment and patent are selected to model the panel data of industrial efficiency, and the results are analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the above empirical analysis, the conclusion is drawn and the corresponding policy recommendations are given. Taking 30 provincial economic units in China from 2005 to 2011 as the object of study, the efficiency of China's industrial economy under the influence of environmental resources is measured by using the SBM-Undesirable model with non-expected output. The results show that: from the point of view of dynamic development, under the restriction of environment and resources, the industrial economic efficiency of every region in the whole country is gradually improved. Static observation found that there was a significant gap in the level of coordination between regions. The industrial efficiency of environmental resources in the eastern coastal areas of China is the highest, followed by the northeast, central and western integrated economic zones. The redundancy rate of the corresponding variables is calculated by using each relaxation quantity. The main reasons for the loss of industrial efficiency in each region are in turn excessive sulfur dioxide emissions, excessive energy input and excessive input by staff. It is found that the upgrading of industrial structure, the increase of years of education and the increase of foreign investment are beneficial to the win-win situation of industry and resource environment.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424
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