论中国中小企业融资体系的建设

发布时间：2018-01-08 15:11

本文关键词：论中国中小企业融资体系的建设　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自我国实行改革开放国策以来，我国的中小企业有了长足的发展。然而，目前我国广大中小企业所拥有的金融资源与其在国民经济中的地位作用却不匹配，中小企业对我国的国民经济贡献很大，但受金融环境的影响，发展得并不理想，在信贷融资方面与国有大型企业相比，明显居于劣势地位。中小企业的融资难问题已成为制约其发展的瓶颈。中小企业融资难的问题，从成因上看，主要是政府在金融政策制订的思路上还不够广阔，对中小企业的身份认同上还存在着与大中型国企迥然不同的“双重标准”，还有着“国进民退”的思维惯性。并且，因为中小企业自身规模较小，存在信用观念缺失，与商业银行的信息不对称，缺乏现代企业管理制度理念等状况，以及中小企业融资渠道狭窄和银行的“惜贷”，都成为中小企业融资难的原因。构建适合中小企业的融资体系，要通过扩大中小企业的直接融资渠道和间接融资渠道，优化企业内部融资环境，以及强化证券、债券等资本市场对于中小企业融资的作用来实现。制定适合中小企业发展的商业银行贷款审核制度，贷款审核既是对商业银行负责，也是对企业负责。商业银行应确定按照市场化运作的原则，遵循覆盖风险和成本、收益匹配的规则，灵活制订中小企业贷款的政策、把握好经济发展的节奏，是破解中小企业融资难的关键。同时还要加强企业自身信用建设，加强企业财务信息的准确性，合理用资金，提高管理者和企业工作人员的整体素质。融资渠道畅通了，企业的发展自然蒸蒸日上。还需要建立和健全市场经济的金融法规、创新和完善当前的融资制度，来解决目前中小企业的融资难的问题。通过推动政府支持中小企业融资的政策创新，改进商业银行对中小企业的融资服务，，实行权力下行增加基层商业银行的权限，增加商业银行的授权、授信额度，是改善中小企业融资难局面势在必行的举措；提升信贷人员能力并建立完善科学的考评机制，选拔有能力胜任中小企业贷款业务的信贷人员。使政府进行政策创新和商业银行的服务改革，才是解决中小企业融资难问题的重中之重。中小企业融资问题既是经济问题，也是民生问题，这一问题的形成既有多数中小企业自身管理经营能力不足的主观因素，也有国内金融政策相对滞后的客观因素，要充分认识到中小企业融资难问题的重要性，由此形成的经济下行的风险、不稳定因素、会破坏社会主义市场经济结构，解决中小企业融资难问题刻不容缓。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the national policy of reform and opening up, China's small and medium-sized enterprises have made great progress. However, at present, the financial resources owned by the vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country do not match their role in the national economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises contribute a lot to the national economy of our country, but under the influence of the financial environment, the development is not ideal, compared with the large state-owned enterprises in the aspect of credit financing. The financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises has become the bottleneck restricting its development. The problem of financing difficulty for small and medium-sized enterprises, from the cause of formation, mainly the government in the formulation of financial policy thinking is not broad enough. On the identity of small and medium-sized enterprises, there is a "double standard" which is quite different from that of the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and there is also the inertia of thinking of "the country entering and retreating from the people", and because of the small scale of the small and medium-sized enterprises. There exist the lack of credit concept, the asymmetry of information with commercial banks, the lack of modern enterprise management system, and the narrow financing channels of small and medium-sized enterprises and the "reluctance to lend" by banks. All become the reason of financing difficulty of medium and small enterprises. To build a financing system suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, we should expand the direct and indirect financing channels of SMEs, optimize the internal financing environment of enterprises, and strengthen securities. The role of the capital market such as bonds to the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve. The development of the development of small and medium-sized commercial bank loan audit system, loan audit is responsible for commercial banks. Commercial banks should follow the principle of market-oriented operation, follow the rules of covering risk, cost and income matching, flexibly formulate the policy of small and medium-sized enterprises loans, and grasp the rhythm of economic development. It is the key to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, we should strengthen the credit construction of enterprises, enhance the accuracy of financial information, and use funds reasonably. Improve the overall quality of managers and enterprise staff. It is also necessary to establish and perfect the financial laws and regulations of the market economy, to innovate and perfect the current financing system, to solve the problem of the financing difficulties of the small and medium-sized enterprises at present, and to promote the policy innovation of the government to support the financing of the small and medium-sized enterprises. It is imperative to improve the financing service of small and medium-sized enterprises by commercial banks, to increase the authority of grass-roots commercial banks, to increase the authorization and credit quota of commercial banks, to improve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. To improve the ability of credit personnel and establish and improve the scientific evaluation mechanism, select credit personnel who are competent for the loan business of small and medium-sized enterprises, and enable the government to carry out policy innovation and service reform of commercial banks. It is the most important to solve the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises. The financing problem of SMEs is not only an economic problem, but also a livelihood issue. The formation of this problem has the subjective factors of insufficient management and management ability of most SMEs themselves. There are also the objective factors that domestic financial policy is relatively lagging. We should fully realize the importance of the financing difficulties of SMEs, and the economic downside risks and unstable factors. Will destroy the socialist market economy structure, solves the small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficulty question urgently.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4;F276.3;F275

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