上海金山惠民村镇银行发展路径探究

发布时间：2018-01-10 06:21

本文关键词：上海金山惠民村镇银行发展路径探究　出处：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：村镇银行作为一种新型的农村金融机构,村镇银行的成立与发展将有效解决我国农村地区“农民、农村企业贷款难,银行难贷款”的问题,对促进我国新农村建设、引导农村金融改革创新意义重大。首先,村镇银行能够有效多元化农村金融机构主体,提高农村金融服务水平。一方面,随着农村经济的发展,农村金融需求日益多样化,而我国现有的农村金融机构表面上看种类齐全,但实际上可为农村发展提供的有效资金很少,无法满足个体农户和农村企业的发展需求；另一方面,农村企业金融市场供需的不确定性较大,以往的正规金融机构对贷款对象了解不够深入,因而其发放贷款承受的风险较大。村镇银行由于设立门槛低、经营灵活、运营效率高、搜集“软信息”更容易,在“关系型贷款”方面有优势等,适合在农村地区发展,应该大力地加予培育。其次,建立村镇银行是解决我国现有农村地区银行业金融机构覆盖率低、金融供给不足、竞争不充分、金融服务缺位等“金融抑制”问题的创新之举,对于促进农村地区投资多元、种类多样、覆盖全面、治理灵活、服务高效的新型农村金融体系的形成,进而更好地改进和加强农村金融服务,支持社会主义新农村建设,促进农村经济社会和谐发展和进步,具有十分重要的意义。最后,村镇银行的建设是深化农村金融改革创新的助推器。建立村镇银行是当前农村金融改革的创新之举。一方面,它能够很好的集结民间的闲散资本,引进了外资商业银行进驻农村金融市场,使金融资源得到合理运用,形成农村新金融竞争格局；另一方面,它还服务于农产品企业和农户的金融需求、开拓了农村消费信贷需求,将在当前我国农村金融改革发挥重要作用。村镇银行近几年发展势头迅猛,从2007年至2009年,短短两年之内,全国已成立村镇银行97家,截至2012年6月30日,全国有1101家村镇银行。在千余家村镇银行中,有不少在与当地四大行支行、城商行、农信社等的竞争中因为网点少、成本高、风险控制系统不健全,从而亏损而倒闭的,但也不乏许多成功的例子,如综合业务发展情况全国排名前五位的浙江长兴联合村镇银行,四川仪陇惠民村镇银行,辽宁庄河汇通村镇银行,山西榆次融信村镇银行,江苏邗江民泰村镇银行。因此对于新成立的村镇银行来说,如何吸取失败的教训,借鉴好的发展模式,从而探寻自身的发展道路就变得尤为重要。上海金山惠民村镇银行于2012年2月正式开业,作为上海市金山区第一家村镇银行,一方面,其处于起步阶段,银行的治理结构、业务模式等方面都不健全,需要摸索探寻出适合自己的发展道路；另一方面,作为上海市金山区第一家村镇银行,上海市注册资本最大的一家村镇银行,其发展是否顺畅不仅关系着银行自身,而且影响着金山区的农村金融机构布局和农村经济的发展,对于整个上海市的村镇银行也将有着示范效应；其次,自2007年第一家村镇银行成立以来,我国关于村镇银行的研究多是围绕着整个村镇银行业的宏观层面的研究,对于个体村镇银行的研究也多是将其与其他农村金融机构,如农村信用社,城市商业银行等的比较,而鲜有结合国外村镇银行的发展经验,根据村镇银行生存背景经济发展的层面来研究村镇银行的发展模式。因此,本文的研究对于地区经济发展与村镇银行发展模式的关系研究也是有方向性指导意义。本文主要采用的研究方法有：(1)文献分析法,以CNKI学术期刊数据库和Google Scholar等为数据来源,检索关于农村金融、村镇银行的大量文献,对国内外的文献资料进行整理分析。(2)比较分析法,比较上海金山惠民村镇银行和四川仪陇惠民村镇银行在金融需求和贷款侧重不同(3)理论分析和实证分析相结合,通过对上海市金山区的实际经济发展状况的数据分析,提出上海金山惠民村镇银行在该地区的发展思路。本文共分为六个部分：第一部分：首先对村镇银行的概念和基本特征进行了界定,然后回顾了关于村镇银行政策的发展路径。同时对国内外研究现状与成果进行了分析综述,点明了国内外学术界对于村镇银行的研究现状。第二部分：简单介绍了上海金山惠民村镇银行的概况,及其主要的特点。第三部分：通过村镇银行的鼻祖孟加拉村镇银行在组织结构、业务发展模式和风险防范方面的经验,提出上海金山惠民村镇银行可以借鉴的一些方面。第四部分：分析了上海金山惠民村镇银行的所在地上海市金山区在农业、工业、服务业以及产业集群方面的发展状况,并根据实际状况提出上海金山惠民村镇银行的发展思路。第五部分：通过比较分析上海金山惠民村镇银行和四川仪陇惠民村镇银行在金融需求和贷款侧重方面的不同,提出四川仪陇惠民村镇银行值得被借鉴的一些创新思路。第六部分：根据已有的村镇银行发展状况,分析上海金山惠民村镇银行在发展过程中可能遇到的一些问题,并提出相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:As a new type of rural financial institution, the establishment and development of village banks will effectively solve the problem of "loans from farmers, rural enterprises and banks", which is of great significance for promoting the construction of new countryside and guiding the reform and innovation of rural finance.
First of all, rural banks can effectively the diversification of rural financial institutions, improve the level of financial services in rural areas. On the one hand, with the development of the rural economy, rural financial demand increasingly diversified, and China's existing rural financial institutions on the surface of all kinds, but actually can provide effective funds for rural development are unable to meet the individual farmers and the rural enterprise development needs; on the other hand, the supply and demand of rural enterprises in financial markets is uncertain, the formal financial institutions in the past on the loan object understanding is not deep enough, so the money lending bear greater risk. With the establishment of village banks low threshold, flexible operation, high operation efficiency, collecting soft information more easily. There are advantages in "relationship lending", suitable for development in rural areas, should be vigorously to cultivate.
Secondly, the establishment of village banks is to solve China's current rural banking institutions in low coverage, lack of financial supply, inadequate competition, innovative financial services such as the absence of "financial repression", to promote investment in rural areas diversity, species diversity, comprehensive coverage, flexible management, the formation of new rural financial service system efficient, so as to improve and strengthen the rural financial services, support the construction of new socialist countryside, promoting rural economic and social harmonious development and progress, it has very important significance.
Finally, the construction of rural banks is the booster of deepening rural financial reform and innovation. The establishment of village banks is the innovation of rural financial reform. On the one hand, it can be a very good build-up of civil idle capital, the introduction of foreign commercial banks in the rural financial market, financial resources reasonable use, the formation of new rural financial competition; on the other hand, it also serves the agricultural enterprises and the financial needs of farmers, to develop the rural consumer credit demand, will be in the current China's rural financial reform play an important role.
Village banks in recent years, the momentum of rapid development, from 2007 to 2009, just two years, the country has established 97 rural banks, as of June 30, 2012, there are 1101 rural banks in the country. More than 1000 rural banks, there are many in the local branch, and four for City Commercial Banks, rural credit cooperatives and other competition because fewer outlets, high cost, risk control system is not perfect, so the loss of failing, but there are many successful examples, such as the comprehensive business development situation of the top five in Zhejiang Changxin United Rural Bank, Sichuan Bank of Liaoning Yilong Huimin village town, Zhuanghe Huitong Village bank, Shanxi Yuci rosan village bank, Jiangsu the people's Bank of villages. So for the newly established rural banks, how to draw lessons from the failure, learn from the good development model, to explore their own path of development has become particularly important.
Shanghai Jinshan Huimin village bank officially opened on February 2012, as the Shanghai Jinshan District City, the first rural bank, on the one hand, it is in the initial stage, the bank's governance structure and other aspects of the business model is not perfect, need to explore to explore their own path of development; on the other hand, as the Shanghai Jinshan District City, the first rural bank, Shanghai a village bank registered capital of the largest, its development is smooth not only in relation to the bank itself, but also affects the development of rural financial institutions and the layout of Jinshan District's rural economy, for the entire city of Shanghai Village banks will also have a demonstration effect; secondly, since 2007 since the founding of the first rural bank, research on rural banks our country is on the macro level around the entire village banks, for the study of individual village banks are also the gold and other rural areas Financial institutions, such as rural credit cooperatives, comparison of city commercial banks, and seldom combined with foreign experience in the development of village banks, to study the development model of rural banks according to the background of economic survival and development of rural bank level. Therefore, this research is also a direction significance for the study of relationship between regional economic development and the development model of rural banks.
The research methods used in this paper are: (1) the literature analysis method, using CNKI and Google Scholar academic journals database as the data source, a large number of literature retrieval on rural finance, rural banks, in the domestic and foreign literature analysis. (2) comparative analysis, comparison of Shanghai Jinshan and Sichuan Huimin village bank Yilong Huimin village banks are different in financial demand and loan (3) combination of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, through the analysis of actual economic conditions in Shanghai city of Jinshan District data, proposed the Shanghai Jinshan Town of Huimin village banks in the area of development.
This article is divided into six parts:
The first part: firstly, the concept and basic characteristics of rural banks were defined, and then reviews the development path of rural banking policy. At the same time to the domestic and foreign research status and results were analyzed and summarized, and points out the academic circles at home and abroad for the village bank's research present situation.
The second part: a brief introduction to the general situation of the Shanghai Jinshan Huimin village bank and its main characteristics.
The third part: through the experience of Bangladesh village bank in the organizational structure, business development mode and risk prevention, we put forward some aspects that Shanghai Jinshan Huimin village bank can learn from.
The fourth part analyzes the development status of Shanghai Shanghai jinhuimin village bank in Jinshan District, agriculture, industry, service industry and industrial cluster. Based on the actual situation, it puts forward the development ideas of Shanghai Jinshan Huimin village bank.
The fifth part: by comparing and analyzing the difference between Shanghai Jinshan Huimin village bank and Sichuan Yilong Huimin village bank in terms of financial demand and loan emphasis, it puts forward some innovative ideas worthy of being learned from Sichuan Yilong Huimin village bank.
The sixth part: according to the existing development situation of village banks, this paper analyzes some problems that may happen in the development process of Jinshan Huimin village bank in Shanghai, and puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.35

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