我国民族地区农村金融风险防范与控制机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 23:11

本文关键词：我国民族地区农村金融风险防范与控制机制研究　出处：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代市场经济是以金融为核心的经济,没有现代金融机构所提供的金融服务的支持,社会资源难以实现合理配置,生产、流通、消费和分配难以实现良性循环,社会和经济发展目标也就难以实现。农村经济作为整个经济体系的组成部分,其发展同样离不开金融的有效支持。金融风险一般来自于居民、企业、政府、金融机构和金融系统外部。企业(包括商业性金融机构)自身因生产和运营所产生的风险若不能通过优化资产结构或自身经营管理化解,则可能因借贷关系传递给金融系统,如果金融体系也没能很好的将这些风险予以化解时还会扩散至整个社会。因此,金融系统就成为了防范和控制金融风险的关键,但在为社会成员化解金融风险的过程中,金融机构所面临的金融风险需要借助一定的机制予以化解。要建立这些机制,不仅需要强化金融机构和金融系统自身的稳定性,防范发生自金融系统内部的风险,而且需要加强对社会经济活动的协调和监督。同时,一旦金融风险发生了,金融体系应尽快加以控制,将风险对社会经济的影响降到最低,避免给社会造成的震荡和灾难。从金融风险的成因、波及范围和控制手段等方面来区分,金融机构所面临的风险可分为两种,一种是内部运营所导致的风险,另一种是外部环境所导致的风险。外部环境风险是由外部经济因素的不合理引发的,它的影响是全局性的。而内部运营风险又称个别风险,是由单个金融机构自身的财务问题和运营失误造成的收益损失和经营危机,即在不考虑外部影响和冲击情况下,由农村金融机构自身经营活动而引发的金融风险。此类风险的波及范围通常较为有限,并且可以通过金融机构加强自身管理等措施来抵御。针对我国民族地区这两种金融风险的控制方法也是有所区别的。对于农村金融内部风险的控制,主要是依靠优化内部风险管理的一系列措施来实现。在这其中不仅要求金融机构强化风险管理的相关规章制度,同时要求相关各部门严格执行,确保风险管理方案得以落实,同时,还要定期或不定期对各个部门的业务和操作进行检查,一旦发现存在风险隐患要迅速加以弥补防止风险的进一步恶化。而农村金融外部环境风险的控制则需要民族地区经济体制的改革和金融环境的优化,政府制定的宏观经济政策也要保持一定的适应性、稳定性和连贯性。我国民族地区农村金融现状不容乐观,农村金融自身的发展正面临严重的风险问题。本文首先对我国民族地区金融风险状况分析,分别从民族地区农村金融发展现状、民族农村金融体系构成,以及民族地区金融风险的分类和特征方面入手；之后剖析了我国民族地区农村金融风险的内部生成原因和外部环境原因,并提出化解这两种风险的具体措施。
[Abstract]:Modern market economy is the economy with finance as the core. Without the support of financial services provided by modern financial institutions, it is difficult to realize the rational allocation of social resources, production, circulation, consumption and distribution to achieve a virtuous cycle. It is difficult to realize the goal of social and economic development. As an integral part of the whole economic system, rural economy can not develop without the effective support of finance. Financial risks generally come from residents, enterprises and governments. The risks caused by production and operation of enterprises (including commercial financial institutions) cannot be resolved by optimizing the structure of assets or managing themselves. It may pass on to the financial system because of the loan relationship, and if the financial system fails to resolve these risks well, it will spread to the whole society. Financial system has become the key to prevent and control financial risks, but in the process of dissolving financial risks for social members. The financial risks faced by financial institutions need to be resolved by means of certain mechanisms. In order to establish these mechanisms, it is not only necessary to strengthen the stability of financial institutions and financial systems themselves. Prevention of risks occurring within the financial system and the need to strengthen coordination and supervision of socio-economic activities. At the same time, once financial risks occur, the financial system should control them as soon as possible. Minimize the social and economic impact of risk and avoid social shocks and disasters. From the causes of financial risks, spread scope and control measures to distinguish, financial institutions can be faced with two kinds of risks, one is the risk caused by internal operations. The other is the risk caused by the external environment. The external environmental risk is caused by the unreasonable external economic factors, and its impact is global. The internal operational risk is also called individual risk. It is a loss of income and a crisis of operation caused by the financial problems and operational mistakes of a single financial institution, that is, without considering the external influence and impact. The financial risks caused by the rural financial institutions' own management activities are usually limited in scope and can be resisted by the financial institutions through strengthening their own management and other measures. The control methods of these two kinds of financial risk are different from each other in the minority areas of our country, and the control of the internal risk of rural finance is also different. It mainly depends on a series of measures to optimize the internal risk management, which not only requires financial institutions to strengthen the relevant rules and regulations of risk management, but also requires the relevant departments to strictly implement. Ensure that the risk management programme is implemented, with periodic or occasional inspections of the operations and operations of the various departments. Once found that there are hidden risks to quickly make up to prevent the further deterioration of risk, and rural financial external environment risk control needs the reform of economic system and the optimization of financial environment in minority areas. Government macroeconomic policies should also maintain a certain degree of adaptability, stability and consistency. The present situation of rural finance in minority areas in China is not optimistic, and the development of rural finance itself is facing serious risk problems. Starting with the current situation of rural financial development in ethnic minority areas, the composition of ethnic rural financial system, as well as the classification and characteristics of financial risks in ethnic minority areas; Then it analyzes the internal causes and external environmental causes of rural financial risks in ethnic minority areas, and puts forward specific measures to resolve the two risks.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.35

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