世界银行贷款决定因素分析

发布时间：2018-01-18 00:15

本文关键词：世界银行贷款决定因素分析　出处：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：世界银行是全球最具影响力的多边开发金融机构,随着世界经济的发展,世行的使命已从通过国际复兴开发银行促进战后重建和发展,逐渐转变成为通过与国际开发协会以及其它成员机构的密切协调合作而共同推进全球发展中国家的减贫事业。世行主要通过提供贷款等金融产品以及服务的形式来达成这些目标。自从1945年布雷顿森林体系建立以来,美国一直在国际金融体系中独占鳌头。由美国参与创建的,无论是国际货币基金组织、世界银行等这些国际多边金融组织,还是美洲开发银行、亚洲开发银行这些地区多边金融组织,在成立的初期大多都体现着美国等发达国家的意志,可是受到美国操控的程度有所不同,相对而言,国际多边机构具有更大的独立性。就世界最大的多边开发机构——世界银行而言,随着中国等新兴国家的发展及实力的增强,其机构内部各成员国的地位也相应地发生着变化,但这是否意味着,如同世界银行自己所标榜的,其做出发放贷款的决策时具备了完全的独立性?这也是本文研究的重点与特色,即把世界银行作为一个行政与官僚机构,其一,考察各借款国在世行的投票权,投票权意味着各国与世行关系的密切程度；其二,将各借款国在联合国大会上随同美国投票的比例,视为与美国的政治接近度。将这两个政治变量纳入实证分析,从政治的角度考察世行在发放贷款的决策上是否为“非政治性”的。根据本文实证检验结果,答案是否定的——世界银行在为借款国发放贷款时不具备完全的独立性,仍然在一定程度上受到美国的操控。此外,从经济的角度探寻世界银行发放贷款的决定因素是必不可少的。按照世行对于贷款申请的相关规定,对借款国而言,其自身的经济状况与其可以申请并获得的贷款类型和数量有着密切关联,与此同时,鉴于投票权特殊的构成方式,各国投票权中的份额票是由各成员国认筹股份所得,因此投票权也可在一定程度上反应一国的经济水平。实证结果表明,拥有较低的经济发展水平和投票权的国家将更容易获得世行的贷款。最后,通过研究世行发放贷款的程序、决策、经验与教训,本文也试图为由中国筹建并刚刚开业的亚洲基础设施投资银行的经营提出合理的建议。
[Abstract]:The World Bank is the world's most influential multilateral development financial institution. With the development of the world economy, the Bank's mission has been to promote postwar reconstruction and development through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). To work together to advance poverty reduction in developing countries around the world through close coordination and cooperation with the international development association and other member institutions. The bank is mainly in the form of providing financial products and services such as loans. Since the Bretton Woods system was established in 1945. The United States has always been at the forefront of the international financial system. It was founded by the United States, whether it was the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international multilateral financial organizations, or the Inter-American Development Bank. The Asian Development Bank, these regional multilateral financial organizations, in the early days of most of the United States and other developed countries reflect the will, but the degree of manipulation by the United States is different, relatively speaking. International multilateral institutions have greater independence. As far as the World Bank, the world's largest multilateral development agency, is concerned, with the development and strength of China and other emerging countries. The status of the member States within their institutions has changed accordingly, but does this mean that, as the World Bank itself claims, it is fully independent in its decision to make loans? This is also the focus and characteristics of this study, that is, the World Bank as an administrative and bureaucratic organization, first, to examine the voting rights of various borrowing countries in the Bank, voting rights mean the close relationship between countries and the Bank; Secondly, the ratio of the borrower countries accompanying the United States to vote in the General Assembly of the United Nations is regarded as the political proximity to the United States, and these two political variables are included in the empirical analysis. From a political point of view, this paper examines whether the World Bank is "non-political" in its decision to make loans. The answer is no-the World Bank does not have full independence in lending to borrowing countries and remains somewhat manipulated by the United States. It is essential to explore the determinants of the World Bank's lending from an economic point of view. Its own economic situation is closely related to the type and quantity of loans it can apply for and obtain, while at the same time, in view of the particular composition of the right to vote. The share votes in the voting rights of each country are obtained by the member states, so the voting rights can also reflect the economic level of a country to a certain extent. The empirical results show that the voting rights of each country can also reflect the economic level of a country to a certain extent. Countries with lower levels of economic development and voting power will have easier access to World Bank loans. Finally, by studying the Bank's lending procedures, decisions, experiences and lessons learned. This paper also tries to put forward reasonable suggestions for the operation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which was set up by China and has just opened.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F831.2

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