我国小微企业的融资困境及其对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 04:18

本文关键词： 小微企业融资困境民间金融融资担保　出处：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小型微型企业是非公有制经济的重要组成部分,目前中小企业占我国企业总户数的99.7%。其中,小微企业占97.3%,广泛分布于各行各业。发展小微企业有利于缓解就业压力,有利于推动科技创新。小微企业是许多大企业的孵化器,是国民经济发展的生力军。我国的小微企业虽然总体上发展态势良好,但是融资难却一直都是阻碍它们健康有序发展的障碍。为了进一步了解小微企业的融资现状,本文以我国中西部小微企业作为研究对象,发现中西部的小微企业有半数以上是靠负债来经营的,向亲戚朋友借款时它们的主要融资渠道,并且它们的融资主要是以抵押和担保为主。小微企业融资难的困境是由多方面的因素造成的,抗风险能力弱,经营状况不透明,部分小微企业创新能力低下是小微企业融资难的内因。小微企业税费负担偏重、商业银行注重抵押物和硬信息的偏好、民间金融没有走上正规化的道路、融资担保体系存在诸多问题、小微企业难以进入资本市场参与直接融资等因素是小微企业融资难的外因。虽然小微企业融资难这一问题长久以来都悬而未决,但是各方都有在此问题上做出过努力和尝试,本文主要以案例的形式从五个方面分析了目前各方为了解决小微企业融资难问题所做的尝试,在银行金融机构方面,以民生银行的“商贷通”模式为例,在民间金融方面,以温州的“民间借贷登记服务中心”为例,在政府方面,以税费改革为例,在资本市场方面,以“小微企业扶持债”为例,在小额贷款方面,以“阿里金融”为例。通过这样的案例分析,使得本文在分析小微企业融资困境这一问题上更具有针对性和前瞻性。本文在最后给出了几点破解我国小微企业融资困境的建议：小微企业要加强自身建设；政府应积极简化税制、降低税负,为小微企业减负；设立针对中小微企业的政策性银行,更有针对性地为小微企业提供融资服务;商业银行应该加快产品创新,为小微企业提供优质及时的信贷服务；规范和引导民间金融；建立有效的担保资金补偿机制和风险转移机制；加快推进“新三板”的发展,为小微企业融资助力。希望这些建议有益于破解当前小微企业融资困境。由于笔者理论知识和实践经验的欠缺,文章中可能存在许多的错误和疏漏之处,恳请各位读者不吝赐教,先在此表示感谢!
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises are an important part of the non-public economy. At present, small and medium-sized enterprises account for 99.7% of the total number of enterprises in China, of which small and micro enterprises account for 97.3%. Widely distributed in various industries. The development of small and micro enterprises is conducive to ease the pressure on employment and promote scientific and technological innovation. Small and micro enterprises are the incubator of many large enterprises. Although the small and micro enterprises in our country are developing well on the whole, the difficulty of financing has always been the obstacle to their healthy and orderly development. In order to further understand the financing status of small and micro enterprises, this paper takes the small and micro enterprises in the central and western of China as the research object, and finds that more than half of the small and micro enterprises in the central and western regions are operated by debt. Borrowing from relatives and friends is their main financing channel, and their financing is mainly mortgage and guarantee. The difficulty of financing for small and micro enterprises is caused by many factors, the ability to resist risks is weak, and the operating situation is not transparent. The low innovation ability of some small and micro enterprises is the internal cause of the financing difficulty of the small and micro enterprises. The tax and fee burden of the small and micro enterprises is heavy, the commercial banks pay attention to the preference of mortgage and hard information, and the folk finance has not taken the way of formalization. There are many problems in the financing guarantee system. The external causes of the financing difficulties are that the small and micro enterprises are difficult to enter the capital market to participate in direct financing. Although the issue of financing difficulties for small and micro enterprises has been unresolved for a long time, all parties have made efforts and attempts on this issue. This paper mainly from five aspects of the case analysis of the current efforts to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, in the bank financial institutions, taking Minsheng Bank's "commercial lending" model as an example. In the area of private finance, take Wenzhou's "Private Lending Registration Service Center" as an example, the government as an example, the tax and fee reform as an example, the capital market as an example, "small and micro enterprise support debt" as an example, and small loans as an example. Taking "Ali Finance" as an example, through such case analysis, this paper is more targeted and forward-looking in analyzing the financing dilemma of small and micro enterprises. At the end of this paper, some suggestions to solve the financing dilemma of China's small and micro enterprises are given: small and micro enterprises should strengthen their own construction; The government should actively simplify the tax system, reduce the tax burden, and reduce the burden for small and micro enterprises; Establishing policy banks for small and medium-sized enterprises to provide more targeted financing services for small and medium-sized enterprises; Commercial banks should speed up product innovation and provide high-quality and timely credit services to small and micro enterprises; Standardizing and guiding folk finance; Establishing effective guarantee fund compensation mechanism and risk transfer mechanism; Accelerate the development of the "new three boards" to help finance small and micro enterprises. I hope these suggestions will help solve the current financing dilemma of small and micro enterprises. Due to the lack of the author's theoretical knowledge and practical experience, there may be many mistakes and omissions in the article.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

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