二十世纪二三十年代浙江农村金融研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 22:02

本文选题：浙江农村　切入点：借贷　出处：《浙江财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，国家对民国经济史的研究日益重视，对农村金融关系的研究逐步成为近年来对民国时期农村经济以及社会问题研究中，特别重要的一环。在农村经济发展中，农村借贷是近现代农业生产、农民生活资金保障的重要融通途径，其往往通过个人或农村金融组织得以实现。从晚清开始，整个长江中下游地区，农村地区的金融命脉掌握在地主、官僚手中，私人高利贷占据主导地位，与传统的金融机构如钱庄、典当等，共同组成了农村地区的借贷网络。二十世纪二三十年代，受到自然灾害、战争等多方面因素的影响，长江中下游省份的农村经济处于崩溃边缘，农村金融枯竭、农民负债现象普遍且负债金额较高，高利贷泛滥猖獗，其中浙江省也不例外。为了缓和不断激发的社会矛盾和冲突，南京国民政府积极筹办建立现代农村金融体系，建立合作社、新式农业银行等机构，以图开创新式农村金融网络，使得现代农村金融得以发展起来。但在经济发展落后的农村，新式金融体系并没有完全取代传统金融，，而是出现了二者并存的局面，使得传统农村金融与现代农村金融呈现出错综复杂的关系。二十世纪二三十年代浙江农村，几乎处于整个借贷关系的笼罩之下，农民生产生活对借贷活动有着强烈的普遍性和依赖性。而二十世纪二三十年代浙江农村最重要的金融机构典当，数量众多，但是分布却并不平衡，本文通过分析典当活跃于民间农村的历史条件，对浙江当地典当业的特点进行探讨研究，论述其在当时浙江农村借贷关系下所发挥的重要作用，并在此基础上，通过研究传统金融机构衰落的表现，揭示了农民生产生活的日益贫困对金融机构产生的负面影响，同时对金融机构与农村经济的相互影响展开分析，再现二三十年代传统金融机构在农家借贷关系下的发展历程和历史地位。此外，本文对浙江农村其他两类金融机构做了详细介绍，以农村合作社和农业银行作为新式金融机构的代表，详尽充分地探讨了其在农民生产生活中所日益兴起的重要作用，在此基础上，对农村合作社与农业银行对农民借贷关系产生的影响，以及二者的功能与不足进行了深入研究。本文综合运用历史学与经济学的方法，通过采用历史实证、比较研究等方式，从微观和宏观两个方面，还原民国时期浙江农村经济面貌。在广泛搜集相关史料基础上结合农村经济学、社会学等相关理论与方法，分析论证二十世纪二三十年代浙江农村高利贷关系下，典当、合作社、农业银行等金融机构的重要历史地位。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the state has paid more and more attention to the study of the economic history of the Republic of China, and the study of rural financial relations has gradually become a particularly important part of the study of rural economy and social problems during the period of the Republic of China in recent years. Rural lending is an important way of financing for modern agricultural production and farmers' livelihood funds, which is often realized through individuals or rural financial organizations. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been covered. The financial lifelines in rural areas are held by landlords, bureaucrats, and private usury. Together with traditional financial institutions such as money banks and pawns, they form a lending network in rural areas. In the 1920s and 1930s, Affected by natural disasters, wars and other factors, the rural economy of the provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is on the verge of collapse, the rural finance is dry up, the phenomenon of farmers' debt is widespread and the amount of debt is high, and the flood of usury is rampant. Zhejiang Province is no exception. In order to ease the social contradictions and conflicts incessantly aroused, the Nanjing National Government actively prepared to set up a modern rural financial system, co-operatives, new-style agricultural banks, and other institutions, in order to create a new rural financial network. But in the backward rural areas, the new financial system has not completely replaced the traditional finance, but there is a situation where the two exist side by side. Traditional rural finance and modern rural finance show a complex relationship. In 20th century, Zhejiang rural areas in the 1920s and 1930s were almost shrouded in the whole lending relationship. Farmers' production and life have a strong universality and dependence on lending activities. But in 20th century, Zhejiang's most important financial institutions in rural areas pawned in large numbers, but the distribution was uneven. By analyzing the historical conditions of pawnbroking in the folk countryside, this paper probes into the characteristics of local pawnbroking in Zhejiang Province, and discusses its important role in the relationship between lending and lending in Zhejiang rural areas at that time, and on this basis, By studying the decline of traditional financial institutions, this paper reveals the negative impact of the increasing poverty of farmers' production and life on financial institutions, and analyzes the interaction between financial institutions and rural economy. The history and historical status of the traditional financial institutions in the 1920s and 1930s under the relationship of farm loans and loans are reproduced. In addition, this paper gives a detailed introduction to the other two types of financial institutions in Zhejiang rural areas. With rural cooperatives and agricultural banks as representatives of new types of financial institutions, the important role of rural cooperatives and agricultural banks in the growing production and life of farmers is discussed in detail and fully, and on this basis, The effects of rural cooperatives and agricultural banks on the relationship between farmers' loans and loans, as well as their functions and shortcomings, are studied in depth. This paper synthetically applies the methods of history and economics, through the methods of historical demonstration and comparative research, from the micro and macro aspects. In the period of the Republic of China Zhejiang rural economy. On the basis of extensive collection of relevant historical data, combined with rural economics, sociology and other relevant theories and methods, this paper analyzes and demonstrates the relationship between loan usury in Zhejiang rural areas in 20th century, pawn, and so on. Cooperatives, agricultural banks and other financial institutions an important historical position.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.9

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