我国准金融机构监管问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 02:08

本文选题：准金融机构　切入点：监管　出处：《长安大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2008年起，为加快金融体制改革，拓宽地方融资渠道，有效弥补“三农”、中小企业等领域金融服务不足问题，国家降低了地方准金融机构的设立门槛，鼓励民间资本积极参与准金融机构的设立，全国各地小额贷款公司、融资性担保公司、典当行等具有准金融性质的机构发展迅速，为扩大社会融资总量，有效解决小微企业和三农领域贷款难问题，改善全社会的投融资环境，实现全面建成小康社会的宏伟目标，都具有十分重要的意义。近年来，我国准金融机构无论在数量还是规模上均呈现出高速发展的态势，数量上以每年两位数的增速扩张，贷款和担保余额也以高出人民币贷款2倍以上的增速发展，据统计数据显示，截至2012年底，我国小额贷款公司数量达6080家，融资性担保公司9071家，，典当行6084家，向社会提供的融资总量达到3万亿。同时，根据《关于小额贷款公司试点的指导意见》、《融资性担保公司管理暂行办法》、《典当管理办法》等制度规定，地方政府承担对准金融机构的直接监管权，但由于准金融机构定位不清、管理制度尚不完善、监管主体不明晰、履职缺乏专业性等原因，在日常监管中普遍存在监管标准不统一、监管意识不强、监管力量不足等问题，导致部分准金融机构由于缺乏有效监管，违规参与民间借贷、非法集资、发放高利贷等，产生了极坏的社会影响，不利于整个金融行业的健康发展。本文以准金融机构的基本概念入手，全面梳理了准金融机构监管体系演进的历史脉络，客观分析了当前准金融机构机构监管面临的困难和存在的问题，在深层剖析成因的基础上，运用公共管理、政治经济学、金融学等相关理论，借鉴国内外先进的经验做法，提出以提高立法层级、明确监管目标、整合监管手段、建立监管平台为主要内容的一系列切实可行的政策建议，探索建立一套适合中国国情的准金融机构监管体系。
[Abstract]:Since 2008, in order to speed up the reform of the financial system, widen local financing channels, and effectively remedy the problem of inadequate financial services in the fields of "three rural areas" and small and medium-sized enterprises, the state has lowered the threshold for the establishment of local quasi-financial institutions. Private capital is encouraged to actively participate in the establishment of quasi-financial institutions, and small loan companies, financing guarantee companies, pawnshops and other quasi-financial institutions in various parts of the country are encouraged to develop rapidly, in order to expand the total amount of social financing, It is of great significance to effectively solve the problem of loan difficulties in small and micro enterprises and in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, improve the investment and financing environment of the whole society, and realize the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Both the number and scale of quasi-financial institutions in China are showing a rapid development trend. The number of quasi-financial institutions is expanding at a double-digit annual growth rate, and the loan and guarantee balances are also growing at a rate of more than twice the rate of RMB loans. According to statistics, as of end of 2012, the number of microfinance companies in China reached 6080, financing guarantee companies 9071, pawnshops 6084, the total amount of financing provided to the community reached 3 trillion. According to the guidelines on the pilot projects of small loan companies, the interim measures for the Management of Financial guarantee companies, and the measures for the Management of pawns, local governments shall assume the right of direct supervision over financial institutions. However, due to the unclear positioning of quasi-financial institutions, imperfect management system, unclear subject of supervision, lack of professionalism in the performance of duties and so on, there are many problems in daily supervision, such as the disunity of supervision standards, the lack of strong sense of supervision and the lack of supervision power, etc. As a result of the lack of effective supervision by some quasi-financial institutions, illegal participation in private lending, illegal fund-raising, loan sharking, and so on, it has had a very bad social impact. It is not conducive to the healthy development of the whole financial industry. Starting with the basic concept of quasi-financial institutions, this paper comprehensively combs the historical context of the evolution of the supervision system of quasi-financial institutions. This paper objectively analyzes the difficulties and problems existing in the supervision of quasi-financial institutions at present. On the basis of deep analysis of the causes, it applies the relevant theories of public management, political economy, finance and so on, and draws lessons from advanced experience and practices at home and abroad. This paper puts forward a series of practical policy suggestions on raising the level of legislation, clarifying the aim of supervision, integrating the means of supervision and establishing regulatory platform as the main content, and explores the establishment of a set of quasi-financial institution supervision system suitable for China's national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.1

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