社会主义新农村建设背景下的农村金融体制研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 22:17

本文选题：农村金融　切入点：社会主义新农村建设　出处：《武汉工程大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国作为农业大国，农业的发展对国家整体经济的发展起着至关重要的作用，而农村金融也是农业发展关键的环节。农业属弱势产业，有着投资周期长、风险高、收益比低等不足，这直接导致农村金融市场缺乏活跃度，同时也造成了农村金融市场资金供给严重不足。农村金融市场发展的滞后制约着社会主义新农村建设进程的推进以及农业的可持续性发展。在市场经济的发展过程中，金融决定着经济发展的速度和效率，当金融的作用受到限制时，经济增长会面临资本投资不足和金融资源低效配置等问题。社会主义新农村建设有别于一般意义上得村庄建设，而是一种全方位综合性的建设，它涵盖了农村经济、政治、文化和社会等多方面。在我国建设社会主义新农村进程中，农村金融是指所有农村储蓄、接待、融资和减少风险的机会以及相关的准则和制度，是农村经济增长与发展的核心。在社会主义新农村建设的背景下，，我国的农村金融体制需要改革与创新，这样才能更好的发挥农村金融的支农功能，满足日益增长的农村金融需求。本文以农村金融以及社会主义新农村建设的相关理论为指导，运用定性、定量的分析方法展开研究，着重探讨了我国农村金融体制的发展现状与面临的问题，并结合美国、德国、日本三个典型国家的农村金融体制的发展经验，为我国社会主新农村建设背景下的农村金融体制改革与创新提出了方法与对策。本文第二章解释了农村金融的概念和我国农村金融与社会主义新农村建设的关系，通过分析农村金融与社会主义新农村建设的契合点，以此证明社会主义新农村建设离不开农村金融的支持。第三章分析了美国、德国、日本三个典型国家的农村金融体制，通过研究上述国家农村金融发展的的宝贵经验，为我国农村金融体制的发展提供的有益借鉴。第四章从农村金融体系（分为农村正式金融组织和农村非正式金融组织）和农村金融法律制度两个方面展开分析，其中农村正式金融组织以农业银行、农业发展银行、信用合作社为例，农村非正式金融组织以民间借贷、合会、地下钱庄与地下银行为典型，剖析了农村金融体系的发展现状。在前文的基础上，第五章提出从四个方面对我国农村金融体制进行改革与创新：一是农村金融组织制度的创新，分为重构农村合作金融制度，创新农村商业性金融制度，创新政策金融制度，规范和引导非正式金融。二是农村金融市场制度的创新，分为构建进退灵活的竞争性市场制度，加快利率市场化改革，建立农业保险市场体系。三是农户融资制度的创新，分为改进金融机构对农户的融资方式和发展商业性小额信贷。四是农村金融法律制度的创新，分为完善农村金融法律体系，以法律形式确认农村金融多元主体，促进有效竞争，完善农村金融的监督与管理。
[Abstract]:As a large agricultural country, the development of agriculture plays a vital role in the overall economic development of the country, and rural finance is also a key link in the development of agriculture. Agriculture is a weak industry with a long investment cycle and high risk. The low return ratio leads directly to the lack of activity in the rural financial markets. At the same time, it also causes a serious shortage of capital supply in the rural financial market. The lagging development of the rural financial market restricts the advancement of the construction process of the new socialist countryside and the sustainable development of agriculture. In the process of the development of the market economy, Finance determines the speed and efficiency of economic development. When the role of finance is limited, economic growth will face the problems of insufficient capital investment and inefficient allocation of financial resources. In the process of building a new socialist countryside in China, rural finance refers to all rural savings and reception. The opportunities for financing and risk reduction, as well as the relevant norms and systems, are the core of rural economic growth and development. In the context of the construction of a new socialist countryside, China's rural financial system needs to be reformed and innovated. Only in this way can the function of supporting agriculture of rural finance be better brought into play and the increasing demand of rural finance be met. Under the guidance of the theories of rural finance and the construction of new socialist countryside, this paper uses the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to carry out the research, focusing on the current situation and problems of the rural financial system in China, and combining with the United States. The development experience of rural financial system in three typical countries, Germany and Japan, This paper puts forward the methods and countermeasures for the reform and innovation of rural financial system under the background of social construction of new countryside. The second chapter explains the concept of rural finance and the relationship between rural finance and the construction of new socialist countryside. By analyzing the confluence of rural finance and socialist new rural construction, it is proved that the construction of new socialist countryside can not be separated from the support of rural finance. Chapter three analyzes the rural financial systems of three typical countries, the United States, Germany and Japan. By studying the valuable experience of rural financial development in the above-mentioned countries, The fourth chapter analyzes the rural financial system (including rural formal financial organizations and rural informal financial organizations) and the rural financial legal system. Among them, the rural formal financial organizations take the Agricultural Bank, the Agricultural Development Bank, the Credit Union as an example, and the rural informal financial organizations take private lending, association, underground money banks and underground banks as the typical examples. On the basis of the above, the fifth chapter proposes to reform and innovate the rural financial system from four aspects: the first is the innovation of the rural financial organization system, which includes the reconstruction of the rural cooperative financial system. Innovating the rural commercial financial system, innovating the policy financial system, standardizing and guiding the informal finance. Secondly, the innovation of the rural financial market system is divided into constructing the flexible competitive market system, speeding up the reform of interest rate marketization. Establishing the agricultural insurance market system. Third, the innovation of peasant household financing system, which is divided into improving the financing mode of financial institutions to farmers and developing commercial micro-credit. Fourth, the innovation of rural financial legal system is divided into perfecting the rural financial legal system. The multiple subjects of rural finance should be confirmed in the form of law to promote effective competition and to perfect the supervision and management of rural finance.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.7

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