我国小额贷款信用风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 12:33

本文选题：小额贷款　切入点：信用风险　出处：《长沙理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：小额贷款指专门向中低收入者提供小额度持续信贷服务活动，并使他们获得就业与自我发展的机会，实现更好的自我生存和发展。小额贷款早期是以扶贫为目的低息甚至是无息贷款，是人类普遍关注贫困人口发展而产生的。最早形式的小额贷款出现在孟加拉国，以尤努斯博士创办的乡村银行的“GB”模式为代表，成功地帮助大部分人解决贫穷问题，有一部分人甚至还走上了富裕的道路，起到了很好的示范作用。我国小额贷款始于20世纪90年代，以福利性小额贷款进行，其服务对象是偏远地区收入低的农民。随着经济的发展，福利性小额贷款已不能满足人们需求，商业性小额贷款应运而生。我国小额贷款开展二十多年，其中隐藏着种种问题，最主要的是小额贷款面临的信用风险。本文着力于研究小额贷款信用风险，找出其存在原因及降低信用风险的方法，并通过对现阶段小额贷款内外部经济环境分析，提出优化小额贷款环境的合理措施，为正规金融机构与民间金融机构政策制定及小额贷款开展提供可靠保障。经研究发现，采用分期还款的方式，可以降低小额贷款的信用风险，同时还可拓宽金融机构投资渠道，获取利润。文章基于马科维茨均值方差模型的小额贷款是用期望收益率的波动率来表示风险，并且结合数理统计方法，将不确定性的风险量化，并讨论风险投资中最优组合问题，可以分散信用风险，促进小额贷款可持续发展。此外，小额贷款信用风险管理要多角度着手。信贷机构要积极建立客户信用体系，掌握客户信息，，对不同风险级别贷款采取利息区别对待。对于信贷者而言，要努力提升自身信用意识与自身素质，以便增加收入。小额贷款信用风险管理不能一蹴而就，是循序渐进的过程。相信经过多方面的努力，我们一定能够为小额贷款营造一个诚信的氛围。
[Abstract]:Microcredit refers to the provision of small and continuous credit facilities specifically to low- and middle-income people and their access to employment and self-development opportunities. To achieve better self-survival and development. The early stage of microcredit was low interest or even interest-free loans for the purpose of poverty alleviation. It was the result of the widespread concern of mankind for the development of the poor. The earliest forms of microcredit emerged in Bangladesh. Represented by the GB model of Grameen Bank founded by Dr. Yunus, it has successfully helped most people solve the problem of poverty, and some people have even embarked on the road of wealth, which has played a good role in demonstrating. Microfinance in China began in the 1990s and was conducted by welfare micro-loans, which serve the low-income farmers in remote areas. With the development of the economy, the welfare micro-loans can no longer meet the needs of the people. Commercial microfinance emerged as the times require. In our country, there are many problems hidden in the development of microfinance, and the main problem is the credit risk faced by microfinance. This paper focuses on the study of the credit risk of small loans, finds out the reasons for its existence and the methods to reduce the credit risk, and through the analysis of the internal and external economic environment of small loans at this stage, puts forward some reasonable measures to optimize the environment of small loans. It provides a reliable guarantee for the policy formulation of formal financial institutions and private financial institutions and the development of small loans. Through research, it has been found that adopting the method of installment repayment can reduce the credit risk of small loans and at the same time broaden the investment channels of financial institutions. In this paper, based on Markowitz mean variance model, the risk is expressed by the volatility of the expected rate of return, and the uncertainty risk is quantified by the mathematical statistical method. The problem of optimal portfolio in venture capital can disperse credit risk and promote the sustainable development of small loans. In addition, microcredit credit risk management should be carried out from multiple angles. Credit institutions should actively establish customer credit systems, master customer information, and adopt different interest rates on loans of different risk levels. We should strive to improve our own credit consciousness and quality in order to increase our income. The credit risk management of small loans cannot be achieved overnight, it is a gradual and orderly process. I believe that through various efforts, We must be able to create a climate of integrity for small loans.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F224;F832.4

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