中国外汇储备的困境与管理对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 02:32

本文选题：中国外汇储备 + 困境　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：外汇储备是一个国家货币当局所持有的用于国际贸易中对外支付,弥补国际收支赤字,维持该国货币稳定的国际间普遍接受的外国货币或外国货币的等价物,是国际储备的一部分。改革开放以来,随着我国经济的快速增长,我国积累了巨额的外汇储备。大量的外汇储备对我国宏观经济和微观经济都产生了重要的影响,使我国经济陷入了困境,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。本文从中国的外汇储备现状出发,分析了中国外汇储备的特点,揭示了我国积累大量外汇储备的原因,阐述了我国过多的外汇储备给宏观经济和微观经济造成的不利影响,并且理论联系实际,提出了解决我国外汇储备过多的相关对策,希望能够有效管理外汇储备,消除外汇储备对我国经济产生的不利影响,促进经济又好又快发展。随着中国经济的发展,中国的外汇储备保持了持续快速的增长,并且不断积累。国家外汇管理局公布的统计数据表明,2012年年底我国外汇储备规模达到了3.3万亿美元,约占世界外汇储备总量的三分之一。巨额的外汇储备,是我国经济快速增长的标志,提高了我国对外偿付能力,提升了我国在国际上的信誉,有利于维护经济体系稳定和国家经济安全。多年来,由于我国的出口导向型的外贸政策以及对国外投资的大力引进,我国在经常项目和资本项目都保持了“双顺差”,加上我国国内需求不足导致进口少于出口,外债不断增加从而对外汇储备的需求增加,多种因素综合起来,导致了我国外汇储备的快速增长和大量积累。然而,中国的外汇储备增长过快,超出了合理规模且结构不尽合理,这将不可避免地给经济发展带来消极影响。巨额的外汇储备损害了经济的健康发展,增加了储备成本,面临着缩水贬值的风险,影响了中央银行货币政策的独立性。因此,我们应该从中国的实际情况出发,针对我国外汇储备现状,学习日本、新家坡和我国台湾的外汇储备管理模式,从中借鉴经验,有效管理我国的外汇储备。我们可以分别从减少外汇储备的来源,增加外汇储备的使用和调整现有外汇储备的资产结构等三个方面来管理我国的外汇储备。具体措施包括：转变外贸增长方式,完善人民币汇率形成机制；完善外汇管理体制,多元化投资主体；增加黄金储备,把外汇储备转化为资源储备等。
[Abstract]:A foreign exchange reserve is an internationally accepted foreign currency or equivalent held by a country's monetary authority for external payments in international trade, to make up for the balance of payments deficit and to maintain the stability of the country's currency. It is part of the international reserve. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid growth of China's economy, China has accumulated a huge amount of foreign exchange reserves. A large amount of foreign exchange reserves have had an important impact on both the macro and micro economy of our country, which has caused our economy to fall into a difficult position and aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. Starting from the present situation of China's foreign exchange reserves, this paper analyzes the characteristics of China's foreign exchange reserves, reveals the reasons for China's accumulation of a large amount of foreign exchange reserves, and expounds the adverse effects of China's excessive foreign exchange reserves on the macro and micro economy. Combining theory with practice, this paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures to solve the excessive foreign exchange reserves in China, hoping to effectively manage foreign exchange reserves, eliminate the adverse effects of foreign exchange reserves on China's economy, and promote the sound and rapid development of the economy. With the development of China's economy, China's foreign exchange reserves have maintained a sustained and rapid growth, and continue to accumulate. Statistics released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange show that China's foreign exchange reserves reached 3.3 trillion US dollars at the end of 2012, accounting for 1/3 of the world's total foreign exchange reserves. The huge foreign exchange reserve is the symbol of the rapid economic growth of our country, improves our country's external solvency, enhances our country's reputation in the world, and helps to maintain the stability of the economic system and the national economic security. Over the years, as a result of our export-oriented foreign trade policy and the vigorous introduction of foreign investment, China has maintained a "double surplus" in its current account and capital account, adding that insufficient domestic demand has led to less imports than exports. Foreign debt is increasing and the demand for foreign exchange reserve is increasing. A variety of factors are combined, which leads to the rapid growth and accumulation of foreign exchange reserve in China. However, China's foreign exchange reserves are growing too fast, exceeding their reasonable size and structurally unreasonable, which will inevitably have a negative impact on economic development. The huge foreign exchange reserve damages the healthy development of the economy, increases the reserve cost, faces the risk of shrinking and devaluing, and affects the independence of the central bank's monetary policy. Therefore, we should study the foreign exchange reserve management model of Japan, Xinjiapo and Taiwan in view of the current situation of China's foreign exchange reserves, and learn from the experience from which we can effectively manage our foreign exchange reserves. We can manage China's foreign exchange reserves from three aspects: reducing the sources of foreign exchange reserves increasing the use of foreign exchange reserves and adjusting the asset structure of existing foreign exchange reserves. Specific measures include: changing the mode of foreign trade growth, perfecting the mechanism of RMB exchange rate formation, perfecting the foreign exchange management system, diversifying the investment body, increasing the gold reserve and transforming the foreign exchange reserve into the resource reserve, etc.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.6

【引证文献】