结合东部地区案例浅析我国典当业发展困境

发布时间：2018-04-22 10:05

本文选题：中国典当业 + 东部地区　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：典当行以当户对其动产、财产权利进行质押典当或对其房地产进行抵押典当作为前提条件和最终还款来源,向当户发放典当融资,实际上是一类经营货币信贷的非正规金融机构,其以短期、灵便、快捷作为经营特点在满足居民应急需要和缓解中小企业短期融资需求方面发挥着重要作用。但是由于典当业产生的历史悠久、利率较高、经营业务特殊的关系,我国民众对其多存在历史偏见,典当行业在我国金融体系中也一度被边缘化。随着我国经济的快速发展以及市场主体融资需求的迅速增加,正规银行业金融机构向社会投放的信贷额度出现了供不应求的局面。加之中小企业由于自身规模的限制,其短期融资需求越来越难以从银行系统得到有效满足,此时典当融资以方便、快捷的业务特点吸引了一大批中小企业的关注,并日益成为不少中小企业难以缺少的短期融资选择。在此过程中,我国典当业形成了有别于国外同行的业务特色——业务重点转向中小企业融资。这不仅有利于缓解我国中小企业的短期融资压力,也有利于促进我国典当业的快速发展。但是我国典当业面临的问题也较为突出,本文结合东部省份相关案例分析了我国典当业在发展过程中面临的困境。具体表现为资本规模的不足导致典当行易于出现流动性不足的局面、典当业目前缺乏一部行政法规位阶之上的法律对其业务进行规范、房地产抵押典当业务和财产权利质押典当业务的风险暴露过高、典当业监管体系尚不完善、典当业协会的作用发挥有限,这些问题都会制约我国典当企业的进一步发展,需要对其进行调整和解决。本文通过对比分析和案例分析的方法,以我国现代典当业所具有的特殊性为出发点结合东部省份的相关案例展开研究,旨在找到解决我国典当业发展困境的对策。在具体内容上,本文首先对国内外典当业研究的相关文献和论著进行系统性的回顾和梳理,对典当业研究状况进行适当评述,总结出当前典当研究所取得的成果和尚存的不足；其次,通过横向比较和纵向梳理相结合的方式,分析我国典当业的发展历程和典型特征,得出我国典当业在业务经营上所具有的独特性,即以服务中小企业作为行业定位；最后,结合东部省份典当业发展的实际状况,分析我国典当业目前的发展困境和业务局限,并针对这些问题分别提出改进措施,建议典当行拓宽短期融资渠道、调整业务结构、完善内控机制、对房地产抵押典当业务及财产质押典当业务进行更加谨慎的业务处理、防范风险过度集中、并建议国家适当加快典当业的立法进程。
[Abstract]:Pawnshop pawns pawn their movable property and property rights or pawn their real estate as a prerequisite and final source of repayment to issue pawn financing to them. In fact, it is a kind of informal financial institution operating money and credit, which plays an important role in meeting the emergency needs of residents and alleviating the short-term financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises with the characteristics of short-term, convenient and quick operation. However, because of the long history of pawnbroking, high interest rate and special business relationship, there are many historical prejudices against pawn industry in China, and the pawnbroker industry was once marginalized in the financial system of our country. With the rapid development of our country's economy and the rapid increase of the financing demand of the main body of the market, the amount of credit extended to the society by the financial institutions of the formal banking has been in short supply. In addition, because of the limitation of their own scale, it is more and more difficult for SMEs to meet their short-term financing needs effectively from the banking system. At this time, the characteristics of pawn financing are convenient and quick to attract the attention of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises. And increasingly become a lot of small and medium-sized enterprises difficult to lack of short-term financing options. In this process, the pawnbroking industry of our country has formed the business characteristic different from the foreign counterparts-the business emphasis turns to the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. This is not only helpful to alleviate the short-term financing pressure of our small and medium-sized enterprises, but also to promote the rapid development of our pawnbroking industry. However, the problems of pawnbroking industry in China are more prominent. This paper analyzes the dilemma of pawnbroking industry in the course of development with the relevant cases of eastern provinces. The concrete manifestation is that the shortage of capital makes the pawnbroker prone to lack of liquidity, and the pawnbroker lacks a law which is above the rank of administrative regulations to regulate its business. The risk of real estate mortgage pawn business and property rights pledge pawn business is too high, the supervision system of pawn industry is not perfect, and the role of pawnbroker association is limited. These problems will restrict the further development of pawn enterprises in our country. It needs to be adjusted and resolved. By means of comparative analysis and case analysis, this paper takes the particularity of modern pawnbroking in China as the starting point and studies the relevant cases in the eastern provinces in order to find out the countermeasures to solve the dilemma of the pawnbroking industry in China. In the specific content, this article first carries on the systematic review and the comb to the domestic and foreign pawn industry research related literature and the treatise, carries on the appropriate comment to the pawn industry research situation, summarizes the current pawn research achievement and the remaining insufficiency; Secondly, through the combination of horizontal comparison and vertical combing, this paper analyzes the development process and typical characteristics of China's pawnbroking industry, and points out the unique characteristics of the pawn industry in our country, that is, to serve the small and medium-sized enterprises as the industry orientation; Finally, according to the actual situation of pawnbroking development in eastern provinces, this paper analyzes the current difficulties and business limitations of pawnbroking industry in China, and puts forward some improvement measures for these problems, and suggests that pawnbrokers should broaden the short-term financing channels and adjust the business structure. To perfect the internal control mechanism, to deal with the real estate mortgage pawn business and the property pledge pawn business more carefully, to prevent the excessive concentration of risks, and to suggest that the state should speed up the legislative process of pawnbroking.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.38

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