农村社会发展与反贫困：农村小额信贷政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 03:31

本文选题：小额信贷 + 农村反贫困　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：对贫困问题的研究是社会保障研究的重要课题。随着社会经济总量的高速增长,人民整体生活水平的不断提高,社会中的贫困问题却愈发严重,贫富差距日益拉大。消除贫困、促进社会发展,也一直是联合国等国际组织与各国政府机构的核心目标。在现代社会中,为贫困群体提供基本的生活保障,并促使他们脱贫致富、走向经济自立,是政府的一项基本责任。中国作为一个迅速成长起来的发展中大国,其贫困问题,尤其是农村地区的贫困问题一直受到政府以及全世界的关注。中国政府通过三十余年的反贫困实践,在农村扶贫事业上取得了举世瞩目的成绩。然而,中国农村的贫困问题依然十分严峻。以最低生活保障为基础的社会救助制度是针对农村贫困者的基本社会政策,但其并未有效缓解农村贫困问题。因此,在完善以收入为基础的社会政策的同时,应当建立以开发式扶贫为导向的发展型社会政策,通过各类资本的投入,帮助农村贫困者运用自身力量脱贫致富。小额信贷作为一种针对低收入人群的、带有社会扶贫性质的金融服务,在全球范围内产生了巨大影响。它既是一项将社会创新与扶贫到户有机统一的金融活动,又是一种融合经济发展与社会发展功能为一体的扶贫工具。在过去的30年,各国纷纷实践推广小额信贷项目。联合国将2005年定为小额信贷年,并提出将金融服务惠及社会各个阶层和群体的“普惠金融”理念。中国自20世纪90年代引入小额信贷以来,该政策在农村地区得到了迅速发展,为农村反贫困和社会发展做出了重要贡献,也面临了许多问题和挑战。本研究通过文献回顾介绍了国际小额信贷的发展情况,总结了国际经验和趋势,并结合中国小额信贷的发展状况提出借鉴意义；本文亦阐述了中国小额信贷的发展阶段、供需主体,及面临的主要挑战。在文献分析基础上,本研究通过走入农户的实地调研,与农村地区小额信贷的不同参与主体进行观察和深入访谈,从而了解小额信贷在当地农村发展的实际状况和面临的困难,通过经验资料的分析和理论探讨,论述了小额信贷政策在农村地区实践中遇到的困境和问题,并提出了相关政策建议。也为今后小额信贷反贫困的研究提供实证经验基础。
[Abstract]:The study of poverty is an important subject of social security research. With the rapid growth of the total amount of social economy and the continuous improvement of the overall living standard of the people, the poverty problem in the society is becoming more and more serious, and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening day by day. Poverty eradication and social development have also been the core goals of international organizations and government agencies such as the United Nations. In modern society, it is the basic responsibility of the government to provide the poor groups with basic living security, and to promote them to get rid of poverty and become rich. As a rapidly growing developing country, China's poverty problem, especially in rural areas, has been concerned by the government and the whole world. Through more than 30 years of anti-poverty practice, the Chinese government has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation in rural areas. However, China's rural poverty problem is still very serious. The social assistance system based on the minimum living security is a basic social policy for the rural poor, but it has not effectively alleviated the rural poverty problem. Therefore, while perfecting the social policy based on income, we should establish development-oriented development-oriented social policy to help the rural poor to use their own strength to get rid of poverty and become rich through the input of various kinds of capital. As a kind of financial service with the nature of social poverty alleviation, micro-credit has had a great impact on the whole world. It is not only a financial activity that unifies social innovation and poverty alleviation to households, but also a poverty alleviation tool that integrates the functions of economic development and social development. In the past 30 years, countries have practiced the promotion of microcredit projects. The United Nations designated 2005 as the year of Microcredit, and proposed the idea of inclusive finance, which benefits all sectors and groups of society. Since the introduction of micro-credit in the 1990s, the policy has developed rapidly in rural areas, which has made important contributions to the rural anti-poverty and social development, and has also faced many problems and challenges. This study reviewed the development of international microfinance, summarized the international experience and trends, and combined with the development of microfinance in China to put forward the significance of reference, this paper also describes the development stage of microfinance in China. The main body of supply and demand, and the main challenges faced. On the basis of literature analysis, this study through the field investigation of farmers, and different participants in rural areas to observe and in-depth interviews, so as to understand the actual situation of microfinance in the local rural development and difficulties. Through the analysis of empirical data and theoretical discussion, this paper discusses the difficulties and problems encountered in the practice of micro-credit policy in rural areas, and puts forward some relevant policy suggestions. It also provides empirical basis for future research on anti-poverty of micro-credit.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.43;F323.8

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