在国家、社会与当铺之间:近代天津当息的博弈史

发布时间：2018-05-04 06:29

本文选题：典当业 + 当息　；参考：《中国经济史研究》2011年02期

【摘要】：在民间金融关系史中,利率不仅是一个经济现象,也是一个政治现象和社会现象,是在各种因素的相互制约下形成的。近代天津典当业利率的演变表明,借贷关系不仅仅就是借和贷两方之间的关系,政府、社会与当铺之间的博弈以及当铺自身的竞争都影响了当息标准的制定。在此博弈之中,各方都使用了适合自己或传统或现代的武器,包括传统习俗、国家法律、民间团体、报纸媒体等等,体现了近代中国社会转型的色彩。如果说各方对当息的博弈和斗争属于表面现象,而在这表象的背后,则当息高低最终还是要受社会经济条件的制约,各方势力的博弈皆不可能脱离这一制约而随意所为。天津的表面当息一直处于波动上升之势,就实际地反映了近代以来中国政治局势的动荡、经济局面的恶化,行业竞争的激烈,导致典业经营成本提高,不得不巧立名目,提高当息,以维持日益艰难的生存。政府虽然倾向典当民众的利益,但也不能不考虑当业经营的实际情况,从而在两者之间左右摇摆,结果就只能是改良而不是取缔典当业,于是政府关于民间借贷的利率法令有时就成为一纸具文。而向以正义面目出现的社会精英,虽然总是摆出一边倒式的减息态度,对政府和当业的态度也会产生影响,提醒当业不可为所欲为,但最终还是要服从社会经济时代的限制,其作用和影响是有限的。
[Abstract]:In the history of folk financial relations, interest rate is not only an economic phenomenon, but also a political and social phenomenon, which is formed under the mutual restriction of various factors. The evolution of interest rate in modern Tianjin pawnbrokers shows that the relationship between borrowing and lending is not only the relationship between loan and loan, but also the game between government, society and pawnshops, as well as the competition of pawnshops themselves. In this game, all parties use weapons suitable for their own or traditional or modern, including traditional customs, national laws, civil society, newspapers and media, which embodies the color of modern Chinese social transformation. If the game and struggle of all parties to the interest is a superficial phenomenon, but behind the appearance, the level of the appropriate interest is ultimately restricted by the social and economic conditions, and the game of the forces of all parties can not be separated from this restriction and do it at will. Tianjin's apparent interest rate has always been fluctuating and rising, which actually reflects the turbulence of the political situation in China since modern times, the deterioration of the economic situation, and the fierce competition in the industry, which has led to the increase in the operating cost of the canonical industry, and has to be made in a clever guise. Raise interest rates to sustain an increasingly difficult life. Although the government inclines to the interests of the pawnbroker, it cannot but take into account the actual situation of the operation of the pawnbroker, thus swinging between the two. The result will be to improve the pawnbroking business rather than ban it. As a result, the government's interest rate laws on private lending sometimes become a piece of paper. And the social elites who appear in the face of justice, although they always adopt a one-sided attitude of reducing interest rates, will also have an impact on the attitude of the government and the industry, reminding them that they should not do whatever they like, but ultimately they have to accept the restrictions of the social and economic times. Its function and influence are limited.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K292.1;F832.9

【共引文献】