中国小额贷款公司融资模式探究

发布时间：2018-05-04 15:15

本文选题：小额贷款公司 + 筹资模式　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：最早源于孟加拉国的小额担保贷款形式,在上世纪70年代,穆罕穆德·尤努斯于孟加拉国创办孟加拉农业银行格莱珉(Grameen,意思是乡村)试验分行,格莱珉小额信贷模式逐渐开始形成。尤努斯提出了改革资本主义,原始的资本主义的本性是竞争和资本追逐利润,尤努斯提出的理论是变革原来的资本模式。就我国而论,上世纪90年代末,随着经济结构调整力度加大,企业改革进一步深化,引发就业以及再就业形式极为严峻。为了发挥金融在支持再就业以及搞活中小企业、刺激国民经济的发展和资金的合理分配,我国于1999年开始发展小额担保贷款,但由于我国的小额担保贷款业务发展的较晚,相关政策并不完善,尤其是对小额担保贷款机构的性质问题不能明朗化,导致刺激国民经济的能力有限,2004年财政部下发了《财政部、中国人民银行、劳动与社会保障部关于推进下岗失业人员小额贷款工作、财政支持政策具体实施意见》,将小额贷款支持创业的政策具体化,完善化,从而推动了小额贷款的发展。随着小额担保贷款工作的推进和金融系统的发展,各种相关政策、机构和机制也在不断的完善之中。2007年和2008年银监会分别颁布了《中国银监会关于银行业金融机构大力发展农村小额贷款业务的指导意见》和《中国银行业监督管理委员会、中国人民银行关于小额贷款公司试点的管理意见》。同时,2008年8月,中国人民银行、财政部、劳动保障部出台了《关于进一步改进小额担保贷款管理积极推动创业促进就业的通知》等。这些政策与相关的地方政策一起构成了小额贷款促进创业、带动就业的政策体系。截止到2013年第一季度,我国的小额担保机构呈现了多元化、快速化发展图线。尤其是中国小额信贷联盟的成立,对整合中国小额贷款机构的资源是有十分重要的意义。但是小额担保机构的融资模式以及存在的问题和创新也是我们面临的一大难题。在中国共产党十八大中,明确表示,支持合理民间资本整合融资,支持小额担保机构的发展,促进其在经济生活中的重要作用。由此形式,可以看出研究中国小额担保公司融资模式与创新是具有历史和现实意义。本文就在这方面入手,真正探讨我国小额担保机构的融资模式,存在的问题和解决的办法和创新。希望能对我国小额担保机构的发展起到积极的作用。
[Abstract]:The earliest form of microfinance loans originated in Bangladesh. In the 1970s, Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Grameenen branch of the Bangladesh Agricultural Bank in Bangladesh. Grameen micro-credit model gradually began to form. Yunus put forward the reform of capitalism, the nature of primitive capitalism is competition and capital chasing profits, Yunus' theory is to change the original capital model. As far as our country is concerned, at the end of 1990s, with the increase of economic structure adjustment, the enterprise reform is further deepened, and the employment and re-employment forms are extremely severe. In order to give full play to finance in supporting re-employment, invigorating small and medium-sized enterprises, stimulating the development of national economy and rational distribution of funds, China began to develop micro-guarantee loans in 1999, but because of the late development of micro-guarantee loans in our country, The relevant policies are not perfect, especially the lack of clarity on the nature of micro-guarantee lending institutions, resulting in limited ability to stimulate the national economy. In 2004, the Ministry of Finance issued the Ministry of Finance, the people's Bank of China, Suggestions of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security on promoting the small loan work of the laid-off and unemployed people and the concrete implementation of the financial support policy, the policy of supporting the undertaking of the small loan is concretized and perfected, thus promoting the development of the small loan. With the advancement of microfinance and the development of the financial system, various related policies, In 2007 and 2008, respectively, the CBRC promulgated the guidelines of the China Banking Regulatory Commission on the vigorous Development of Rural Microcredit by Banking institutions and the China Banking Regulatory Commission. "opinions of the people's Bank of China on the pilot projects of small loan companies." At the same time, in August 2008, the people's Bank of China, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labor and Security issued the Circular on further improving the Management of small guarantee loans and actively promoting Entrepreneurship and promoting Employment. Together with relevant local policies, these policies constitute a policy system for promoting entrepreneurship and employment. As of the first quarter of 2013, the micro-guarantee institutions in China have diversified and developed rapidly. In particular, the establishment of China Microcredit Alliance is of great significance to the integration of the resources of Chinese microfinance institutions. However, the financing model and existing problems and innovations of micro-guarantee institutions are also a big problem we face. At the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was made clear that it supported rational private capital consolidation and financing, supported the development of micro-guarantee institutions, and promoted their important role in economic life. From this form, we can see that it is of historical and practical significance to study the financing mode and innovation of Chinese micro-guarantee companies. This paper discusses the financing mode, existing problems, solutions and innovations of the micro-guarantee institutions in China. Hope to play a positive role in the development of small-scale guarantee institutions in China.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.39;F275

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