黑龙江省农民资金互助合作社的风险及其控制研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:16

本文选题：农村金融 + 农民资金互助合作社　；参考：《东北农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：能否为广大农民提供简单快捷的贷款服务，是当前影响农村经济和社会发展的关键性问题。我国农村现存的正规农村金融组织不但不能为农民提供足够的金融支持和资金保障，一定程度上还从农村抽走了大量资金。尤其是在黑龙江省这样的欠发达省份，金融机构服务网点少，农民很难获得足够的信贷资金支持，甚至连简单的存款业务也不方便。目前正在试点的村镇银行和小额贷款公司由于数量少，且机构大多都设在县城，实际上并没有提高农村金融服务的覆盖面，很多农民仍旧无法从正规金融组织中得到贷款，而不得不进行民间借贷，往往又会形成高利贷，导致恶性循环甚至破产，农民贷款难问题制约了农村经济的发展，要真正解决欠发达地区农村金融服务问题，必须大力发展农村农民自己的组织——农民资金互助合作社，农民资金互助合作社就是在这样的背景下应运而生的。 2004年，，我国政府的中央一号文件就提出了要发展“多种所有制农村金融”，我国众多弱小农户就是在这一政策的引导下，开始了对资金互助合作社的大胆尝试。农民资金互助合作社的出现为解决这个问题提供了全新的思路，资金互助依靠广大成员入股筹集资金，为生产、生活中需要资金的合作社成员提供一定的资金支持，其业务既具备信息对称、交易成本低、手续简单的特点，又具备正规金融机构的组织性和规范性。农民资金互助合作社的发展，在促进产业结构调整，缓解正规金融机构在农村供给不足，增加广大农民收入、实现规模经济效益等方面都发挥了良好的作用。但是，作为新生的农村合作金融业务，无论是管理者还是广大农户对其经营和管理还缺乏足够的认识，更没有建立科学有效地风险防范机制，在实际运作过程中所面临的风险不断加大，这使得资金互助合作社在实际运作和持续发展方面潜伏着巨大的不确定性。本文以黑龙江省10家具有代表性的农民资金互助合作社为研究对象，通过对信用风险、资金流动性风险、管理风险、法律风险等一系列风险的研究，得出信用风险的成因主要受农民个人素质和生产、市场因素的影响，资金流动性风险的成因主要有资金来源有限、政府扶持力度不足、资金可持续性差和流动性弱，管理风险的成因主要是内部管理不健全、监管人员素质方面较低，法律法规不健全等。结合国外农村合作金融机构风险控制的经验和启示对不同的风险类型有针对性地提出对策及建议，并构建一个科学合理的风险控制机制，旨在提高黑龙江省农民资金互助合作社的风险防范能力，促进其健康持久发展，更好的为农村及广大农民服务。通过对农村金融风险识别及控制的研究，也有助于补充和完善我国农村新型金融机构风险防范理论，促进农村金融市场健康发展。
[Abstract]:It is the key problem that affects the development of rural economy and society to provide simple and fast loan service for farmers. The existing formal rural financial organizations in rural areas not only can not provide enough financial support and fund security for farmers, but also drain a large amount of funds from rural areas to a certain extent. Especially in less developed provinces such as Heilongjiang Province, the financial institutions have few service network, it is difficult for farmers to get enough credit fund support, even simple deposit business is not convenient. Because of the small number of village and town banks and microfinance companies currently being piloted, and the fact that most of the institutions are located in counties, in fact, they have not improved the coverage of rural financial services, and many farmers still cannot obtain loans from formal financial organizations. But if we have to make private loans, it will often lead to usury, leading to vicious circle and even bankruptcy. The problem of farmers' loan difficulties has restricted the development of rural economy. We should really solve the problem of rural financial services in underdeveloped areas. It is necessary to develop rural farmers' own organization, Farmer Capital Mutual Cooperative, which came into being under this background. In 2004, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee of our government proposed the development of "multi-ownership rural finance". Under the guidance of this policy, a large number of small and weak peasant households in our country began to make a bold attempt on mutual fund co-operatives. The emergence of farmers' mutual fund cooperatives has provided a new way of thinking to solve this problem. Mutual fund mutual aid relies on the majority of members to take shares in order to raise funds and provide certain financial support for cooperative members who need funds in their production and daily life. Its business not only has the characteristics of information symmetry, low transaction cost, simple formalities, but also the organization and standardization of formal financial institutions. The development of farmers' mutual fund cooperative has played a good role in promoting the adjustment of industrial structure, alleviating the shortage of supply of formal financial institutions in rural areas, increasing the income of farmers and realizing the economic benefits of scale and so on. However, as a new rural cooperative finance business, both managers and farmers lack sufficient understanding of its management and management, and have not established a scientific and effective risk prevention mechanism. The risks in the actual operation process are increasing, which makes mutual fund cooperatives in the actual operation and sustainable development of latent great uncertainty. This article takes 10 representative farmers' mutual fund cooperative in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, through the research on a series of risks, such as credit risk, fund liquidity risk, management risk, legal risk, etc. It is concluded that the causes of credit risk are mainly affected by farmers' personal quality and production, and market factors. The main causes of liquidity risk are limited capital sources, insufficient government support, poor sustainability of funds and weak liquidity. The main causes of risk management are imperfect internal management, low quality of supervisors, imperfect laws and regulations, etc. Combined with the experience and inspiration of risk control of foreign rural cooperative financial institutions, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for different risk types, and constructs a scientific and reasonable risk control mechanism. The aim of this paper is to improve the risk prevention ability of farmers' mutual fund cooperative in Heilongjiang Province, promote its healthy and lasting development, and better serve the rural areas and the broad masses of farmers. The research on the identification and control of rural financial risks will also be helpful to supplement and improve the theory of risk prevention of new rural financial institutions and promote the healthy development of rural financial markets.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.35

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