中国新型农村金融组织的发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 10:18

本文选题：新型农村金融组织 + 村镇银行　；参考：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：1978年改革开放以来,我国农村金融改革总体上进展顺利,农村金融组织迅速发展。2006年12月银监会发布的第90号文件中对如何设立新型农村金融组织给出了具体意见。本文将新型农村金融组织的发展作为研究对象,从理论研究的角度来看,是对农村金融发展理论的丰富、发展和对农村金融制度变迁理论的初步探索；从农村金融发展的现实来看,则是科学发展观在农村金融领域的重要实践,为缓解农村资金供求矛盾、满足农户和农村中小企业多层次的金融需求、增强农村金融市场的竞争性提供了新思路,从而更好地促进农村经济的发展。我国三十多年农村金融改革的实践表明,在进行存量改革的同时,不能忽视增量改革。增量改革既是中国整个经济转型的重要经验,也是农村金融改革未来必须坚持的方向。新型农村金融组织正是增量改革的重要载体。全文主要从定性的角度对新型农村金融组织的发展进行了探索性研究,比较分析了村镇银行、小额贷款公司、农村资金互助社这三类新型农村金融组织的共同特征和不同之处,描述了其发展现状及发展过程中面临的困境,从发展目标、发展原则、发展环境、发展模式等方面对新型农村金融组织的发展框架进行了设计,最后通过对村镇银行运行效率的实证分析对东、中、西部地区新型农村金融组织的发展作一比较研究,并有针对性地提出了政策建议。在逻辑架构方面,整篇论文可划分为六个部分：第一部分即引言部分,主要介绍了论文写作的选题背景、研究意义、分析框架和研究思路、创新点和不足之处。第二部分即文献综述。概述了国内外关于新型农村金融组织发展的研究动态。其中,对国外文献的综述从农村金融发展、合作金融组织、小额信贷三方面着手,对国内相关文献则分别以村镇银行、小额贷款公司、农村资金互助社这三类新型农村金融组织为主体进行梳理。第三部分即新型农村金融组织发展的基础理论。首先界定了核心概念,包括农村金融、正规金融与非正规金融和新型农村金融组织等。继而对新型农村金融组织从农村金融发展模式理论、农业信贷补贴论、农村金融市场论、不完全竞争理论、信息不对称理论等角度进行了理论剖析,为研究我国新型农村金融组织的发展构建了理论分析框架。第四部分,我国新型农村金融组织发展概况。首先,概述了我国农村金融三十年改革发展的历程,总结出农村金融改革的经验教训,即在进行存量改革的同时,不应忽视增量改革,增量改革和存量改革应当并重；其次,分析了我国新型农村金融组织发展的必要性,指出发展新型农村金融组织是实现商业银行资金回流农村的需要、改善农村地区金融竞争状况的需要、丰富农村金融市场上金融产品和服务的需要；再次,比较研究了三类新型农村金融机构的共同特征和不同之处；最后,描述了新型农村金融机构的发展现状,并指出目前新型农村金融组织的发展所面临的困境。第五部分,新型农村金融组织发展的框架设计。本文从发展的目标、发展的原则、发展的环境、发展的模式等方面设计了新型农村金融组织发展的框架。指出,新型农村金融组织发展的目标是以农村金融的增量改革为突破口,以服务“三农”为宗旨,按照多层次、广覆盖和可持续的要求组建新型农村金融机构,推动形成多元化、多层次、竞争充分的农村金融体系。发展的原则有效率原则、风险可控原则、可持续原则、适度创新原则、协调性原则等；发展的环境包括法律环境、政策环境、信用环境和制度环境等,并分别阐述了村镇银行、小额贷款公司和农村资金互助社的发展模式。第六部分,实证分析。本文运用数据包络分析(DEA模型),以村镇银行的员工人数、注册资本金为投入指标,以贷款余额、贷款笔数为产出指标,使用DEAP2.1软件,得出了关于东、中、西部地区村镇银行运行效率的相关数据。通过对数据结果的分析以及东、中、西部地区之间的比较,说明三类地区的村镇银行的生产效率、纯技术效率差别不大,西部地区发展水平较高,中部地区次之,东部地区最低。随后分析了产生这一结果的原因。并且,数据表明绝大多数村镇银行处于规模报酬递增阶段,其发展潜力巨大。针对分析结果,本文提出了拓宽资金来源、加大政策扶持力度、完善配套设施、加强金融生态环境建设等相关政策建议。本文在已有研究的基础上,努力进行了一些创新性的研究。试图设计出新型农村金融组织发展的框架,对新型农村金融机构的发展目标、发展原则、发展环境、发展模式进行探索；通过数据包络分析比较了东、中、西部地区村镇银行的运行效率,试图发现东、中、西部地区新型农村金融组织发展的差异,并分析差异产生的原因,针对性地提出了相关政策建议,是本文最大的亮点。本文的主要观点有：我国农村金融改革的经验教训表明,发展新型农村金融组织十分必要；新型农村金融组织的发展处于起步探索阶段,取得了一定成果,但也面临着诸多困境；我国中部、西部地区的新型农村金融组织运行效率相对较高,东部地区相对较低,这与地方政府的扶持力度、当地农村资金供求的紧张程度等因素有关；政府应当采取适当措施支持新型农村金融组织的发展。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up in 1978 , China ' s rural financial reform has been progressing smoothly , and the rural financial organizations have developed rapidly . In the paper No . 90 issued by the Banking Regulatory Commission in December 2006 , the author gives specific views on how to set up a new rural financial organization . In this paper , the development of the new rural financial organization is regarded as the research object . From the perspective of the theoretical research , it is a preliminary exploration of the rich , development and the theory of rural financial development .
From the perspective of rural finance development , it is an important practice of the scientific development view in the rural finance field . In order to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of rural funds , meet the multi - level financial needs of the farmers and the small and medium - sized enterprises in the rural areas and enhance the competitiveness of the rural financial markets , the new ideas are provided to better promote the development of the rural economy .

The practice of rural financial reform in more than 30 years shows that incremental reform cannot be neglected at the same time of carrying out the stock reform . The incremental reform is the important carrier of the reform of rural finance . The new rural financial organization is the important carrier of incremental reform .

In terms of logical architecture , the whole thesis can be divided into six parts :

The first part introduces the introduction part , mainly introduces the background , the research significance , the analysis framework and the research thinking , the innovation point and the deficiency of the thesis writing .

In the second part , the article summarizes the research developments of the development of new rural financial organizations at home and abroad , in which the review of foreign literatures starts with the three aspects of rural financial development , cooperative financial organization and microfinance , and the domestic relevant literatures are sorted by the three types of rural financial organizations , namely , the village and town bank , the small loan company and the rural fund mutual aid .

The third part , the basic theory of the development of the new rural financial organization , defines the core concept , including the rural finance , the formal finance and the informal finance and the new rural financial organization , etc . Then the new rural financial organization is analyzed theoretically from the theory of the rural financial development mode , the agricultural credit subsidy theory , the rural financial market theory , the incomplete competition theory and the information asymmetry theory , and the theoretical analysis framework is constructed to study the development of the new rural financial organization in our country .

The fourth part , the development of the new rural financial organization in our country . Firstly , it summarizes the course of the reform and development of the rural finance in our country , summarizes the experiences and lessons of the rural financial reform , that is , the incremental reform should not be neglected while the stock reform is carried out , and the incremental reform and stock reform should be equal and equal .
Secondly , the necessity of the development of the new rural financial organizations in China is analyzed . It is pointed out that the development of new rural financial organizations is the need to realize the return of funds from commercial banks , improve the financial competition situation in rural areas and enrich the needs of financial products and services in rural financial markets ;
Thirdly , we compare the common features and differences between three new types of rural financial institutions .
Finally , the development status of the new rural financial institutions is described , and the difficulties faced by the development of the new rural financial organizations are pointed out .

In the fifth part , the framework of the development of the new rural financial organizations is designed . The paper designs the framework of the development of the new rural financial organizations from the aspects of the development goals , the principles of development , the environment of development and the mode of development . It is pointed out that the goal of the development of the new rural financial organizations is to form new rural financial institutions based on the incremental reform of rural finance .
The development environment includes legal environment , policy environment , credit environment and institutional environment , and expounds the development mode of village bank , micro - loan company and rural fund mutual aid .

Based on the analysis of data results and the comparison between the eastern , middle and western regions , this paper analyses the reasons for the operation efficiency of the village and town banks in the east , middle and western regions .

On the basis of the research , this paper has made some innovative research . An attempt is made to design the framework of the development of new rural financial organizations , and to explore the development goals , development principles , development environment and development mode of the new rural financial institutions ;
This paper compares the running efficiency of the village and town banks in the east , middle and western regions through the data envelope analysis , and tries to find out the differences in the development of the new rural financial organizations in the east , middle and western regions .

The main points of this paper are : the experiences and lessons of rural financial reform in our country show that it is necessary to develop new rural financial organizations ;
The development of the new rural financial organization is at the beginning of the exploration stage , has achieved some results , but also faces many difficulties ;
The operation efficiency of the new rural financial organizations in the middle and western regions of our country is relatively high , the eastern region is relatively low , which is related to the support of the local government and the degree of tension in the supply and demand of local rural funds ;
The Government should take appropriate measures to support the development of new rural financial organizations .
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.35

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