中国商业银行“走出去战略”研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 19:43

本文选题：商业银行 + 走出去战略　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国改革开放的深入推进,应运而生的是开放型经济的到来。面对日益发展的国内外经济环境,我国作为崛起的经济体不断深入与世界经济接轨,并以更加主动的姿态融入世界经济的发展之中。与此同时,我国企业掀起了“走出去”浪潮,并形成一定规模,商业银行作为金融业中的基础行业,也展现了积极的海外扩张趋势。从上个世纪开始,我国商业银行就在大大小小走出国门的企业身后紧紧跟随,从多条途径和多种方式上开展海外经营探索,这不仅是在推动国内企业的海外发展,也是为了在全球寻找新的利润增长点。除了国内企业的国际化经营需要本国银行的后备支持,人民币的国际化也同样离不开国内商业银行的国际化。从以往他国经验来看,商业银行的国际化与人民币的国际化是相互影响和促进的关系：人民币国际化通过构建人民币的回流以及投资渠道可以建立离岸中心,使得我国商业银行的整个体系获得调整和完善,增强其市场开放程度和竞争力；另外,我国商业银行有能力承担起人民币国际结算这一职能,其全球网络的建立将有利于推广跨境人民币业务,从而推动人民币国际化的实现。因此可以说,我国商业银行“走出去战略”的实施是实现中国金融全球化的基础,同时也是为跨国企业提供支撑从而实现中国经济全球化的重要力量。在当前货币体系和国际上金融形势在不断发生变革的背景下,我国商业银行正处于国际化战略的初级阶段,由于机构体系庞大、国内同业竞争剧烈、母行发展受到限制等状况使得在目前的国内外环境中无法独善其身,必须在寻求发展的道路上开启国际化经营的道路,而最直接的方式就是机构本身的外扩,即实施“走出去战略”。从发展现状来看,国有商业银行是这一战略的实施主体,而国内一些股份制商业银行业也在加紧海外步伐,是这一战略的新兴投资方；投资目标地区的选择大多数以港澳地区为初探,进而延伸至亚洲,再向欧美等发达经济体扩张；各商业银行海外经营的业绩节节攀升,海外资产和利润水平不断增长,但从业务经营范围的多样化程度来看还略显单一。本文通过对比数据得出上述发展现状的特点之后,运用实证分析法研究我国商业银行“走出去战略”发展的动因,从回归结果来看：我国商业银行追随企业客户走出国门这一战略动机非常明显；为了获得发达经济体的先进管理经验和技术并占领市场这一动机也成为国内各家银行的战略驱动力；而随着现阶段科技通讯水平的不断提高,地理距离已经不会对投资目标国的选择造成太大影响。接着本文对影响我国商业银行“走出去战略"实施的四方面因素进行了整体分析：从实施这一战略的优势因素来说,主要表现为我国主体投资方的资产规模、资产质量和盈利能力具有国际竞争力,另外由于政府部门或者国有企业作为主要控股方,为银行信誉提供了支持；从劣势因素来看,主要集中于国际化发展经验的不足、创新能力不强以及高级人才匮乏等；从我国商业银行实施“走出去战略”所面临的机会因素来看,人民币国际化趋势是一个良好的契机,国内企业大规模外扩以及国内政策环境的支持,都成为有利的促成因素；最后从威胁因素分析,主要集中于东道国严格的法律监管环境、主权债务危机以及资本估值的信息不对称等。可见,我国商业银行“走出去”所面临的是一条任重而道远的跨国经营之路,但若能够合理规避风险因素,改变本身的劣势,抓住机遇充分发挥本身优势,必将开创我国银行业在世界舞台上的繁荣之景。本文最后针对现状和影响因素这两个核心分析部分中所涉及到的我国商业银行在“走出去”过程中面临的问题,并结合两大优秀跨国银行的成功海外发展经验,提出了有针对性的对策建议。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform and opening - up of our country , it is the arrival of open economy . In the face of the increasingly developing domestic and foreign economic environment , our country , as the rising economy , is continuously deepening and integrating with the world economy . At the same time , our country ' s commercial bank has made a positive overseas expansion trend . In addition to the internationalization of domestic commercial banks , the internationalization of the commercial banks and the internationalization of RMB are mutually influenced and promoted . From the experience of other countries , the internationalization of the commercial banks and the internationalization of RMB are the relations of mutual influence and promotion .
In addition , China ' s commercial banks have the ability to assume the function of RMB international settlement . The establishment of the global network will be conducive to the promotion of cross - border RMB business , thus promoting the realization of the internationalization of RMB . Therefore , the implementation of the " going out strategy " of commercial banks in China is the foundation for the realization of China ' s financial globalization , and it is also an important force to support multinational enterprises to realize the globalization of China ' s economic globalization .

Under the background of changing the current monetary system and the international financial situation , our commercial banks are in the primary stage of the internationalization strategy . Due to the huge institutional system , the fierce domestic competition and the restriction of the bus development , the most direct way is to open the internationalization management road on the road seeking development , and the most direct way is to implement the " go out strategy " .
The choice of investment target area is mainly based on Hong Kong and Macao , which extends to Asia and then expands to developed economies such as Europe and America ;
The performance of overseas operations of commercial banks has climbed , overseas assets and profit levels are increasing , but from the extent of diversification of the business scope of business , this paper makes use of empirical analysis to study the motivation of the development of " Going - out Strategy " of commercial banks in our country . From the regression results , it is obvious that Chinese commercial banks follow the strategic motivation of the enterprise customers to go out of the state door .
In order to obtain the advanced management experience and technology of advanced economies and dominate the market , this motivation has also become the strategic driving force of domestic banks .
With the improvement of the level of science and technology communication at present , the geographical distance will not have much influence on the choice of investment target country .

This paper analyzes the four factors that affect the implementation of the " Going - out Strategy " of commercial banks in China : from the advantage factors of implementing this strategy , the main performance is that the assets scale , asset quality and profitability of the main investors of our country have international competitiveness . In addition , because the government departments or the state - owned enterprises act as the main holding parties , they provide the support for the bank ' s credibility . From the point of view of the disadvantages , the trend of RMB internationalization is a good opportunity , and the large - scale external expansion of domestic enterprises and the support of domestic policy environment are all the favorable factors ;
Finally , from the analysis of the threat factors , it is mainly focused on the strict legal supervision environment , sovereign debt crisis and the information asymmetry of capital valuation in the host country . It can be seen that China ' s commercial bank is facing a long - term transnational operation , but if it can reasonably avoid risk factors , change its disadvantages , seize the opportunity to give full play to its own advantages , it will open up the prosperity of China ' s banking in the world stage .

Finally , aiming at the problems faced by the commercial banks in the process of " going out " , and combining the successful overseas development experiences of the two great transnational banks , the paper puts forward some countermeasures .
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33

【参考文献】