银进钱出与明代货币流通体制

发布时间：2018-06-20 07:50

本文选题：白银进步论 + 白银经济　；参考：《河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年02期

【摘要】：中国货币史研究中一向有白银进步论一说,主张白银能够而且必然取代铜钱,是因为贵金属如金、银的规范性特质更适合较发达的商品经济。该说认定明代中后期银进钱退是唐宋以来中国货币经济史划时代之发展,即所谓从铜钱经济向白银经济的过渡。明代的钱退其实和白银丰沛与否无直接关系,直接原因是明代基层市场交易对铜钱的庞大需求推动私铸钱的盛行。铜钱因为币面价值低廉,便于作伪,所以私铸就成为弥补铜钱不足的重要渠道。但是其解决之道是劣币驱逐良币,频繁的货币更新和投机导致钱币信用不高、流通范围狭窄,不同市场之间也因交易媒介不同而出现隔离,这无形中都大大加大了交易成本,严重制约了明代全国市场的发展。白银进步论不仅在逻辑上有重大瑕疵,在实证上也颇成问题。明代白银的流通,实际上是伴随货币供应的大幅滑落。盗铸钱对规范铜钱的排挤才是白银"取代"铜钱的真正原因。
[Abstract]:There has always been a theory of silver progress in the study of the history of Chinese currency. The argument that silver can and will replace copper money is because the normative characteristics of precious metals such as gold and silver are more suitable for the more developed commodity economy. It is the epoch-making development of China's monetary economic history since the Tang and Song dynasties, that is, the transition from copper money economy to silver economy. The withdrawal of money in the Ming Dynasty has no direct relationship with the abundance of silver. The direct reason is that the huge demand for copper money in the grass-roots market of the Ming Dynasty promoted the prevalence of private money. Because the coin is cheap and convenient for counterfeiting, it becomes an important channel to make up for the shortage of copper money. But the solution is Bad money drives out good, where frequent currency renewal and speculation lead to low credit, narrow circulation, and segregation between different markets due to different trading media, which virtually increases transaction costs. Seriously restricted the Ming Dynasty national market development. Silver progressive theory is not only a major flaw in logic, but also an empirical problem. The circulation of silver in the Ming Dynasty was actually accompanied by a sharp decline in the money supply. The real reason why silver "replaces" copper money is the crowding out of standard copper money.
【作者单位】：香港科技大学人文学部;
【基金】：美国国家自然科学基金会赞助的《Global Prices and Income,1200-1950,Stage 2》(NSF06/07.HSS01)
【分类号】：F822.9;K248

【共引文献】