基于FDI视角的中国贸易顺差问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 11:07

本文选题：FDI + 贸易顺差　；参考：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，中国的对外贸易发生了质的飞跃，市场经济的实行更是加快了我国对外贸易的发展。自1994年以来，我国对外贸易便一直维持顺差状态，并且呈现持续增长的态势，累计了巨额的贸易顺差。贸易顺差为我国提供了丰富的外汇储备，对经济发展起到了积极的促进作用。但随着顺差规模的不断扩大，其消极影响日益显现，贸易顺差的过快增长，加剧了我国与主要贸易伙伴之间的贸易摩擦，增加了我国对外贸易的成本，不利于我国对外贸易与经济的可持续发展。在贸易顺差快速增长的同时，我国吸引的外商直接投资也不断增加，并且外商直接投资对贸易顺差的增长有着不容小觑的影响。二者快速增长的过程中都存着结构不合理的问题，主要都集中于加工贸易，并且外商也是顺差创造的主体，因此，FDI通过加工贸易对我国贸易顺差产生了重大影响，外商成为顺差的实际受益者，而我国从中获取的利益远小于预期。FDI对我国贸易顺差的作用机制体现在三个方面：贸易互补效应、贸易替代效应及顺差转移效应。一些亚洲的新兴经济体通过在华绿地投资，直接扩大了我国的外贸出口规模；欧美等发达国家凭借自身技术优势，基于占领市场的目的，生产许多进口替代产品，减少了我国的进口，间接增加了贸易顺差；日韩等国利用产业转移的机会，将产品最后的组装环节转移到我国，，将本国对欧美的出口转嫁给中国，增加了我国名义上的顺差。在规范分析的基础上，本文通过实证分析，验证了FDI对贸易顺差的确存在着正向影响，并且通过数据具体说明了FDI如何通过上述三种效应对我国贸易顺差产生影响以及影响有多大。最后，基于FDI对贸易顺差的影响，以经济与对外贸易和谐发展为出发点，本文就如何通过利用FDI增加我国贸易顺差的实际收益提出了具有现实意义的政策建议：通过引导FDI进入经济流动性强的产业、丰富FDI利用方式、调整出口模式、严禁地方盲目引资攀比等措施，提高我国利用FDI质量，增加实际收益；通过加快产业结构升级、加强技术创新等措施，提高我国科技实力，完善产业结构发展；通过培育本国有竞争力的跨国公司、政府扶持等措施，加快对外直接投资的步伐。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has made a qualitative leap, and the implementation of market economy has accelerated the development of China's foreign trade. Since 1994, China's foreign trade has been maintaining a surplus state, and showing a sustained growth situation, accumulated a huge trade surplus. The trade surplus provides China with abundant foreign exchange reserves and plays a positive role in promoting economic development. However, with the continuous expansion of surplus scale, its negative influence becomes increasingly apparent. The excessive growth of trade surplus intensifies the trade friction between China and its main trading partners and increases the cost of China's foreign trade. It is unfavorable to the sustainable development of our foreign trade and economy. With the rapid growth of the trade surplus, the foreign direct investment (FDI) attracted by our country is also increasing, and the foreign direct investment (FDI) has an important influence on the growth of the trade surplus. In the process of rapid growth, both of them have problems of unreasonable structure, which are mainly concentrated in processing trade, and foreign businessmen are also the main body of creating surplus, so FDI has a great influence on China's trade surplus through processing trade. Foreign businessmen become the actual beneficiaries of the surplus, and the benefits that our country obtains from it are far less than the expected. The mechanism of FDI acting on China's trade surplus is embodied in three aspects: trade complementary effect, trade substitution effect and surplus transfer effect. Some emerging Asian economies have directly expanded the scale of China's foreign trade exports through greenfield investment in China; developed countries such as Europe and the United States have relied on their own technological advantages to produce many imported substitute products for the purpose of occupying the market. Japan and South Korea take advantage of the opportunity of industrial transfer to transfer the final assembly of products to China and transfer their exports to Europe and the United States to China, thus increasing the nominal surplus of our country. On the basis of normative analysis, this paper verifies that FDI does have positive influence on trade surplus through empirical analysis. Through the data, the author explains how FDI affects China's trade surplus through the above three effects and how much impact it has on China's trade surplus. Finally, based on the impact of FDI on trade surplus, the harmonious development of economy and foreign trade is the starting point. This paper puts forward some practical policy suggestions on how to increase the actual income of China's trade surplus by using FDI: to guide FDI into industries with strong economic mobility, to enrich the mode of utilization of FDI, and to adjust the export mode. It is strictly prohibited for local governments to blindly attract investment and compare with other measures, to improve the quality of FDI utilization in China, to increase the actual income, to improve the scientific and technological strength of our country and to perfect the development of industrial structure by speeding up the upgrading of industrial structure, strengthening technological innovation, and so on. To speed up the pace of foreign direct investment (FDI) through the cultivation of competitive multinational corporations and government support and other measures.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752;F832.6

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