商业银行业务多元化对盈利能力和风险的影响研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 20:39

【摘要】：全球金融环境复杂多变，中国加入世贸组织后，金融领域逐步开放，外资银行不断涌入，市场竞争压力加剧。中国的商业银行面临存贷利差变窄的现实情况，这给商业银行传统的经营模式带来严峻的考验。为了改善资本充足率，提高服务水平和盈利能力，银行不断开展金融创新，进行多元化经营，大力发展非利息收入业务，以降低对利差收入的高度依赖，从而促进盈利模式的转型。总结我国银行业多元化业务的发展状况，以及其对银行收益状况、风险水平的影响，对我国银行业未来的发展有显著的指导意义。文章对国内外学者关于银行业务多元化对盈利能力和风险水平的影响方面的研究成果进行了梳理，从企业多元化经营理论、范围经济理论、协同效应理论几个方面来探讨商业银行开展业务多元化的动因。然后介绍了银行非利息收入业务的概念与特征，业务多元化的现状等，为下文的实证分析提供理论支持。在实证分析的部分，文章从银行的规模、属性（国有或股份制）两个方面来分析银行非利息收入对盈利能力和风险水平的影响。本文引入衡量银行收入结构多样化程度的指标赫芬达尔指数和非利息收入占比指标NII，并进一步将非利息收入细分为手续费收入、投资收益、汇兑收益和其他收入，试图发现赫芬达尔指数和非利息收入占比指标NII与银行盈利能力和风险水平之间的关系。本文的样本包括《中国金融统计年鉴》中有记载的14家银行和我国已上市的13家上市银行，数据来源于2000-2011年《中国金融统计年鉴》、CCER金融研究数据库以及各银行的年报，通过这些数据对所需要分析的指标进行量化，构成非平衡面板数据，运用固定效应模型和动态面板数据GMM（Generalized methods ofmoments）估计方法对样本进行估计检验，最后进行了稳健性检验。实证结果表明，非利息收入占比的提高会给银行带来更多的收益，这种效果对于规模较小的银行较为显著，对于大规模银行则不显著。对于银行风险水平的影响方面，多元化经营并不能有效降低我国商业银行的经营风险。在理论分析的基础上，结合实证分析结果，文章提出如下建议：我国商业银行在进一步开展非利息收入业务时要考虑到银行自身的规模和专业化优势，有效利用多元化经营模式，严格控制非利息业务的风险。在进行多元化战略转型时需谨慎，不能盲目扩张，，要根据自身的情况循序渐进，有针对地找到能够发挥自身优势、风险相对较小的业务。
[Abstract]:The global financial environment is complex and changeable. After China's entry into the WTO, the financial field has gradually opened up, foreign banks have been pouring in, and the market competition pressure has intensified. Chinese commercial banks are faced with the reality of narrowing the spread between deposit and loan, which brings a severe test to the traditional business model of commercial banks. In order to improve the capital adequacy ratio, improve the service level and profitability, banks continue to carry out financial innovation, diversify their operations, vigorously develop non-interest income business, in order to reduce the high dependence on interest income. So as to promote the transformation of the profit model. Summing up the development of the diversified banking business in China and its influence on the bank income and risk level has significant guiding significance for the future development of the banking industry in China. This paper combs the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the influence of banking diversification on profitability and risk level, including enterprise diversification theory, scope economy theory, This paper discusses the motivation of business diversification in commercial banks from several aspects of synergetic effect theory. Then it introduces the concept and characteristics of non-interest income business, the present situation of business diversification, and provides theoretical support for the empirical analysis below. In the part of empirical analysis, this paper analyzes the impact of non-interest income on profitability and risk level from two aspects of bank size, attributes (state-owned or joint-stock system). This paper introduces the index of Hefendal index and the ratio of non-interest income to non-interest income as a measure of the diversification of bank income structure, and further subdivides non-interest income into commission income, investment income, exchange income and other income. Try to find out the relationship between the Huffendal index and non-interest income ratio index NII and the profitability and risk level of banks. The sample includes 14 banks recorded in China Financial Statistics Yearbook and 13 listed banks in China. The data are from the China Financial Statistics Yearbook from 2000 to 2011, the CCER Financial Research Database and the annual reports of banks. These data are used to quantify the indexes that need to be analyzed to form non-equilibrium panel data. The method of fixed effect model and dynamic panel data GMM (Generalized methods ofmoments) estimation is used to test the estimation of the samples. Finally, the robustness test is carried out. The empirical results show that the increase of the proportion of non-interest income will bring more income to the banks, which is more significant for the smaller banks, but not for the large banks. As to the influence of bank risk level, diversification can not effectively reduce the operational risk of commercial banks in China. On the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: commercial banks in China should consider the scale and specialization advantages of banks when they further develop non-interest income business. Effective use of diversified business model, strictly control the risk of non-interest business. In the process of diversification strategy transformation, we should be careful, not blindly expand, according to their own situation step by step, targeted to find can play their own advantages, relatively small risk of business.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33

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