人民币跨境结算存在的问题及对策研究

发布时间：2019-03-30 23:10

【摘要】：中国的经济在进入21世纪的这十几年里保持了持续的高速增长，GDP年均增速在8%左右，目前中国的经济总量已经跃居世界第二，仅次于美国。有了经济实力的支撑，我国开始慢慢把人民币推向世界，力争在中国的国际贸易和跨境投资领域逐步实现以人民币计价和结算，以取得人民币与中国经济实力相称的国际地位。2009年7月中国政府开始在贸易领域实行人民币的跨境结算，2011年1月境内企业可以用人民币直接对外投资，2011年11月中国人民银行发布条例允许境外投资者用人民币对华投资，至此我国的跨境贸易和投资领域均可以用人民币进行结算。自2010年止到2012年底，我国共办理跨境人民币结算业务59913.6亿元，其中跨境人民币的贸易结算55263亿元，跨境投融资业务4650.6亿元。跨境人民币结算业务发展迅速，提升了人民币在中国对外经济往来和国际上的地位。但在人民币跨境结算发展的背后也逐渐暴露出了一些问题，本文的出发点正是分析这些问题的现状和产生原因，，并在此基础上提出相应的对策建议。本文从四个部分进行研究。第一部分导论，主要讲述本文的研究背景、意义，国内国外有关人民币国际化和人民币跨境结算的一些研究成果，本文的结构安排，研究方法和创新点。第二部分阐述人民币跨境结算的理论，介绍国际结算货币选择的影响因素和人民币充当跨境结算货币后带来的收益分析。第三部分分析了人民币跨境结算的发展现状和存在问题。主要从三个方面进行论述：进出口领域的人民币结算由于人民币的升值预期和境外人民币的可获得性问题造成了收付失衡的现状；跨境人民币双向流动中中国的资本管制过严和国内金融市场不健全，导致人民币在回流上渠道匮乏，不利于其实现跨境双向流动；通过对现有人民币跨境清算系统的介绍指出其存在着操作上的缺陷和信息监管安全性的问题。第四部分提出了推动人民币跨境结算健康发展的对策建议：在贸易领域要完善人民币汇率市场化改革，加大对科技投入和优化产业结构升级；在人民币跨境双向流动上，要放松资本项目的管制、实行利率市场化改革、增加中国金融市场的深度广度和继续建设香港人民币离岸市场；最后通过对美元和欧元清算系统优势的借鉴给出了完善人民币跨境清算系统的建议。
[Abstract]:China's economy has maintained a sustained high-speed growth in the last decade of the 21st century, with an average annual GDP growth rate of about 8%. At present, China's total economic volume has jumped to the second place in the world, after the United States. With the support of economic strength, China began to slowly push the RMB into the world, striving to gradually realize the valuation and settlement in RMB in China's international trade and cross-border investment. In July 2009, the Chinese government began to implement cross-border settlement of the RMB in the field of trade, and in January 2011, domestic enterprises could invest directly in RMB. In November 2011, the people's Bank of China issued regulations allowing foreign investors to invest in China in renminbi, so that China's cross-border trade and investment areas can be settled in renminbi. From 2010 to the end of 2012, China handled cross-border RMB settlement business of five trillion nine hundred and ninety one billion three hundred and fifty nine million nine hundred and ninety nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine yuan, of which cross-border RMB trade settlement of five trillion five hundred and twenty six billion three hundred million yuan, cross-border investment and financing business of 465.06 billion yuan. The rapid development of cross-border RMB settlement business has enhanced the status of RMB in China's foreign economic exchanges and international. But there are some problems gradually exposed behind the development of RMB cross-border settlement. The starting point of this paper is to analyze the current situation and causes of these problems, and on this basis, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. This article carries on the research from four parts. The first part introduces the research background and significance of this paper, some research achievements about RMB internationalization and RMB cross-border settlement at home and abroad, the structure arrangement, research method and innovation of this paper. The second part expounds the theory of RMB cross-border settlement, introduces the influencing factors of the choice of international settlement currency and the income analysis after RMB acts as cross-border settlement currency. The third part analyzes the current situation and existing problems of RMB cross-border settlement. Mainly from three aspects: import and export of RMB settlement due to the appreciation of the RMB and the availability of foreign renminbi caused by the status quo of unbalance of collection and payment; Cross-border RMB two-way flow the capital control of China is too strict and the domestic financial market is not perfect, which leads to the lack of channels in the return of RMB, which is not conducive to the realization of cross-border two-way flow; Through the introduction of the existing RMB cross-border clearing system, this paper points out that the existing RMB cross-border clearing system has shortcomings in operation and the security of information supervision. The fourth part puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the healthy development of RMB cross-border settlement: in the field of trade, we should perfect the market-oriented reform of RMB exchange rate, increase the investment in science and technology and optimize the upgrading of industrial structure; In the cross-border two-way flow of RMB, we should relax the control of capital account, carry out the reform of interest rate marketization, increase the depth and breadth of China's financial market and continue to build the offshore market of RMB in Hong Kong. Finally, some suggestions are given to perfect the RMB cross-border clearing system by drawing lessons from the advantages of the US dollar and euro clearing systems.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.6

【参考文献】