民间金融对中小企业融资作用的实证分析

发布时间：2019-04-04 10:24

【摘要】：我国进入市场经济以后，中小企业以迅雷不及掩耳之势快速增长，中小企业的数量在我国国内企业的总量上的比重不断的加大，今天已经达到了95%还要多，对国民经济的贡献度相对于前些年来说不仅有了量上的提高，还有了质上的飞跃，其营业税额，收入规模，发展规模，资本自由量与全国大型的企业相比也高出了很多。目前的数据是比大型国有企业多出20%、22%、21%，而且在我国深圳交易所也有大约有4000多个在中下企业板上市，尤其是在流通领域，所占的比重也占到了92%左右。而且这一数据还在与日俱增，为我国过剩的人口提供了大量的就业机会，失业人数的比重下降，贡献度为70%左右。随着我国加入世界贸易组织，对外出口的机会大大加强了，就中小企业就占到了约61%。对我国经济的蓬勃发展起到了重要的作用。但是中小企业由于自身的条件的束缚很难从正规金融渠道获得大量的资金支持，资金的缺乏成为困扰中小企业发展的痛中之痛。我国的大型国有商业银行上的管理制度，贷款的审批需要层层把关，有着复杂的操作程序，想要从银行获得贷款也是难上加难。再加上中小企业发展的时间并不太长，规模并不大，难以提供出银行所需要的担保物，这在经济学中就表现出了供需的矛盾性，需求方急需要大量的资金，而供给方又不愿意把资金放到需求方身上。怎样才能解决好这个问题成为了重中之重的难题，民间金融的应运而生填补了这个空白。大量的民间资金投入到中小企业。持有大量资金的机构为了追逐高额的利润，并没有把资金存放在银行中来赚取微薄的利息，而是通过获得高额的利息把资金放到了中小企业中，这样民间金融机构就在这个链条中形成了资金的供给方，，民间金融的发展对于中小企业的发展来说就具有了非常重要的现实性。调查发现，在民间大量的资本被闲置，资源得不到合理的利用，对这些资金流入中小企业的规模进行实证分析就具有了非常重要的现实性。如果我们能利用好民间金融领域里面的资金，对这些资金的流量作出一个估算并正确的投入到中小企业中为中小企业融资，中小企业就会因为成本的减小而获得长久的发展。本文首先阐述了我国中小企业的发展现状及其自身所有的特点，分析了成因。随后对我国民间金融领域的发展情况做出评估，通过结构化和简化的分析模型初步的估计出民间资本用于中小企业的规模，最后总结了我国政府，中小企业自身应该如何规划，才能正确的引导民间金融里面的资金用于中小企业的发展，为我国国民经济的发展出自己的一份力。
[Abstract]:After China's entry into the market economy, the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been growing rapidly, and the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is constantly increasing in the total amount of domestic enterprises in China. Today, it has reached 95% and still needs more than one hundred and fifty-five percent. Compared with the previous years, the contribution to the national economy has not only increased in quantity, but also qualitative leap, its business tax, income scale, development scale, capital freedom compared with the large-scale enterprises in the country are also a lot higher. The current figures are 20%, 22%, and 21% more than those of large state-owned enterprises, and about 4000 listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China, especially in the circulation sector, accounting for about 92%. And the data is growing, providing a large number of jobs for the country's overpopulation and a drop in the number of unemployed, contributing about 70 percent. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), export opportunities have been greatly enhanced, accounting for about 61% of small and medium-sized enterprises. It has played an important role in the vigorous development of our country's economy. However, due to the constraints of their own conditions, it is difficult to obtain a large amount of financial support from the formal financial channels, and the lack of funds has become a pain in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In the management system of large state-owned commercial banks in China, the examination and approval of loans need to be checked at various levels, and there are complicated operation procedures. It is also difficult to obtain loans from banks. Coupled with the fact that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is not too long and the scale is not large, it is difficult to provide the collateral needed by the banks, which shows the contradiction of supply and demand in economics, and the demand is in urgent need of a large amount of capital. And the supply side is unwilling to put the funds on the demand side. How to solve this problem has become the most important problem, folk finance came into being to fill this gap. A large number of private funds are invested in small and medium-sized enterprises. Institutions that hold large amounts of money, in pursuit of high profits, do not deposit their money in banks to earn small and medium-sized interest, but put the money in small and medium-sized enterprises by obtaining high interest rates. Thus the private financial institutions form the supply side of funds in this chain. The development of folk finance has a very important reality for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is found that a large amount of private capital is idle and resources are not used reasonably. It is very important to make an empirical analysis of the scale of these funds flowing into small and medium-sized enterprises. If we can make good use of the funds in the field of private finance, make an estimate of the flow of these funds and correctly invest them in the financing of SMEs, SMEs will achieve long-term development because of the reduction of costs. In this paper, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China and all its own characteristics are described, and the causes are analyzed. Then it evaluates the development of private finance in China, estimates the scale of private capital used in small and medium-sized enterprises through structured and simplified analytical model, and finally sums up how the government and small and medium-sized enterprises should plan themselves. In order to correctly guide the private finance funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, for the development of our national economy.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F275;F832.35

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