基于农户视角的龙头企业与农户间的生猪供应链内部融资研究
发布时间：2019-05-18 08:48
【摘要】：我国农业产业化的快速发展已使现代农业突破了传统农业的种养殖范畴,初步形成以种养殖业为中心,向产前、产后延伸,包括了农产品生产资料供应、种养殖生产、农产品加工、农产品分销等环节的农产品供应链体系。 农产品供应链种类很多,生猪供应链作为农产品供应链中的一种典型类型,在农业产业化的发展中备受关注。我国是世界猪肉生产第一大国,生猪养殖数量巨大,且猪肉消费在居民肉类消费中所占比重最大,截止2010年末,全国肉类总产量为7925万吨,其中,猪肉产量为5070万吨；牛肉产量为653万吨；羊肉产量为398万吨。生猪年末存栏46440万头；生猪出栏66700万头。因此,生猪养殖业占据着畜牧业的主导地位。 农户是生猪供应链的构成主体之一,主要从事生猪养殖生产。生猪养殖对资金的需求量较大,由于农户财力有限,为了保证生猪养殖生产的正常进行,农户需要进行外部融资。但农户自身财务状况和信息不透明、缺乏有效的抵押物或者担保、生产经营风险大,同时正规金融机构为其提供信贷服务的交易成本高,导致农户极易受到正规金融机构的信贷约束。多年来,国家对正规金融机构采取了很多的改革措施,并制定了相关政策增强正规金融机构对农户的信贷支持意愿,但一直没能改变农户依然受到比较严重的信贷约束的状况,正规金融机构对农户“惜贷”行为依然突出。 与正规金融机构采取的对农户“惜贷”的行为相反,生猪供应链上的龙头企业却通过与农户签订订单契约,以赊销投入品或者提供生产性资金或者预先支付未来农产品的部分收购资金的方式为农户提供借贷。为什么农村正规金融机构向农户提供信贷的意愿不强,生猪供应链上的龙头企业却愿意与农户签订包含信贷服务的订单契约,为其提供内部融资?哪些因素影响农户参与供应链内部融资?供应链内部融资环境下影响农户信贷可获性的因素又有哪些? 因此,本研究的总目标是：本研究运用互联合约理论、交易成本理论、信贷配给理论、信息经济学理论,基于农户视角对龙头企业与农户间的生猪供应链内部融资进行研究,为供应链内部融资解决现有农产品供应链中农户资金流偏紧提供理论和实证基础。主要研究内容和研究结论如下： 研究内容一：研究生猪供应链内部融资机制。运用互联合约、交易成本、信贷配给、信息不对称等理论,对生猪供应链上的龙头企业提供内部融资的意愿与可行性、农户参与供应链内部融资的可能性、生猪供应链内部融资运作机理和作用机制以及龙头企业和农户的成本与收益等进行了定性研究。研究结果表明,龙头企业和农户通过参与供应链内部融资获得的收益大于其直接通过外部市场交易获得的收益,增进了龙头企业和农户的福利。供应链内部融资模式使龙头企业和农户建立起紧密的合作关系,促进了供应链的稳定运行。农户缓解了信贷约束,提高了产品质量,解决了农产品销路问题；龙头企业获得了稳定的、高质量的原材料供给,降低了交易成本。 研究内容二：研究影响农户参与供应链内部融资的因素。利用生猪供应链上的农户实地调查数据,基于农户行为选择模型实证分析了影响农户参与供应链内部融资的决定因素。研究结果表明,体现农户个体特征的解释变量中,农户的风险偏好通过了显著性检验,影响为负；体现农户生产经营特征的解释变量中,农户养殖规模和农产品的预期价格波动幅度这两个变量均通过了显著性检验,影响为正。农户获得的银行信用通过了显著性检验,影响为负；订单条款特征中体现供应链内部融资合作双方利益分配公平性的订单定价方式和定价结算条款以及体现供应链内部融资合作双方利益保障程度的违约补偿条款这三个解释变量均通过了显著性检验,影响为正。研究结果验证了本文的研究假说1。 研究内容三：研究供应链内部融资环境下影响农户信贷可获性的因素。基于heckman模型,运用生猪供应链上的农户实地调查数据,实证分析了供应链内部融资环境下影响农户信贷可获性的因素。研究结果表明,体现农户个体特征的解释变量中,农户是否是本地人和农户是否是村干部这两个变量均通过了显著性检验,影响为正；体现农户生产经营及财务特征的解释变量中,农户养殖规模通过了显著性检验,影响为正。农户的家庭总资产和农户获得的银行信用这两个变量均通过了显著性检验,影响为负,且模型的回归结果显示,供应链内部融资与银行信用之间的替代程度为61.04%,说明供应链内部融资是一条拓宽农户信贷可获性的重要渠道,可以显著缓解农户受到的信贷约束,验证了本文的研究假说2；体现农户与龙头企业关系特征的解释变量中,订单履约比例和沟通次数这两个变量均通过了显著性检验,影响为正。研究结果验证了本文的研究假说3。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the agricultural industrialization in China has made modern agriculture break through the breeding category of the traditional agriculture, and initially formed the breeding industry as the center, and extended to the prenatal and post-natal period, including the supply of the means of production of agricultural products, the production of breeding and the processing of the agricultural products, Agricultural product supply chain system, such as the distribution of agricultural products. There are many kinds of supply chain of agricultural products, and the supply chain of live pigs is a typical type in the supply chain of agricultural products, and is very popular in the development of agricultural industrialization. China is the first big country in the world of pork production, the number of live pigs is huge, and the consumption of pork is the largest in the consumption of the residents' meat. By the end of 2010, the total output of meat in the whole country is 792.5 million tons, of which, the output of the pork is 5070 million tons, and the output of the beef is 653. The output of the mutton is 398. Ten thousand tons of live pigs; 464.4 million pigs at the end of the year of live pigs; 6,700 of live pigs As a result, pig breeding is dominated by animal husbandry. The peasant household is one of the main parts of the pig supply chain, and is mainly engaged in the production In order to ensure the normal operation of the production of live pigs, the farmers need to enter However, the financial situation and information of the farmers are not transparent, the lack of effective collateral or the guarantee, the production and operation risk is large, and the transaction cost of the formal financial institution to provide the credit service is high, which leads to the extremely easy access of the farmers to the formal financial institutions Over the years, the country has taken a lot of reform measures for the formal financial institutions, and has developed relevant policies to enhance the willingness of the formal financial institutions to support the credit support of the farmers, but has not been able to change the farmers' continued access to the more serious credit The state of the constraint, the regular financial institution to the farmer's "credit loan" line In contrast to the behavior of the formal financial institutions, the leading enterprises in the supply chain of live pigs have passed through with A party to enter into an order contract to purchase funds on credit or to provide productive funds or to pre-pay some of the future agricultural products. Why rural formal financial institutions offer credit to farmers is not strong, leading enterprises in the supply chain of live pigs are willing to sign an order contract with a credit service with the farmers, Provide internal financing for it? What factors affect farmer's reference The availability of credit for farmers affected by the internal financing of the supply chain and the internal financing environment of the supply chain What are the factors of sex? Therefore, the overall objective of this study is: this study uses the theory of interconnected contract, transaction cost theory, credit rationing theory, information economics theory, and the live pig between the leading enterprise and the farmer on the basis of the farmer's perspective. Research on the internal financing of the supply chain to solve the farmer's capital flow in the existing supply chain of the agricultural products for the internal financing of the supply chain It provides a theoretical and empirical basis for tight-tightening. The main results are as follows: The contents and conclusions of the study are as follows: Study content 1 The internal financing mechanism of the pig supply chain is studied. The willingness and feasibility of the internal financing of the leading enterprises in the pig supply chain, such as the interconnection contract, the transaction cost, the credit rationing and the information asymmetry, are applied to the leading enterprises in the supply chain of the live pigs. The possibility of the house's participation in the supply chain, the mechanism and mechanism of the internal financing operation of the pig supply chain, and the leading enterprises and the farmers The results show that the income of the leading enterprises and the farmers through the participation in the internal financing of the supply chain is greater than that obtained through the external market transaction. Promote the well-being of the leading enterprises and the farmers. The internal financing model of the supply chain makes the leading enterprises and the farmers establish close cooperation The relationship has promoted the stable operation of the supply chain. The farmer has relieved the credit constraint, improved the product quality and solved the market problem of the agricultural products; the leading enterprise has obtained the stable, high-quality The supply of raw materials and the reduction of transaction cost. The paper studies the factors that affect the farmer's participation in the internal financing of the supply chain. Using the data of the farmer's field survey on the supply chain of the live pigs, the paper analyses the shadow on the basis of the model of the farmer's behavior. The research results show that the risk preference of the peasant household has passed the significance test and the influence is negative in the explanation variable of the individual characteristics of the peasant household. The scale of farmers' cultivation and the expected price fluctuation range of agricultural products in the explanation variable reflecting the characteristics of the production and operation of the farmers All variables passed the significance test and the effect was positive. The farmer was obtained The bank credit has passed the significance test and the effect is negative; the order pricing method and the pricing settlement terms that embody the fairness of the mutual benefit distribution of the internal financing cooperation of the supply chain are reflected in the order clause characteristics, and the default compensation strip reflecting the benefit guarantee degree of the internal financing cooperation parties of the supply chain the three solutions The release variable passed the significance test and the effect was The results of the study have verified the research hypothesis of this paper. The factors that affect the availability of the credit of the farmers under the internal financing environment of the chain. Based on the hkman model, the data of the farmer's field survey on the supply chain of the live pigs is used to analyze the supply. The factors that affect the availability of the credit of the farmers under the internal financing environment of the chain. The results show that, in the explanation of the individual characteristics of the peasant household, whether the farmer is a native or a peasant is a village cadre, the two variables have passed the significance test, and the influence is positive. ; the explanation variable reflecting the production and operation of the farmer and the financial characteristics; The scale of farmer's culture has passed the significance test, the influence is positive. The household total assets of the farmer and the bank credit obtained by the farmer have passed the significance test, the influence is negative, and the regression result of the model shows that the supply chain is in harmony The substitution degree between the capital and the bank credit is 61.04%, which indicates that the internal financing of the supply chain is an important channel for widening the credit availability of the farmers, and the credit constraints of the farmers can be significantly reduced, and the research hypothesis of this paper is verified. The implementation proportion and communication time of the order in the explanation variable reflecting the relationship between the peasant household and the leading enterprise The number of these two variables passed the significance test,
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F326.3;F832.43
本文编号：2479857
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the agricultural industrialization in China has made modern agriculture break through the breeding category of the traditional agriculture, and initially formed the breeding industry as the center, and extended to the prenatal and post-natal period, including the supply of the means of production of agricultural products, the production of breeding and the processing of the agricultural products, Agricultural product supply chain system, such as the distribution of agricultural products. There are many kinds of supply chain of agricultural products, and the supply chain of live pigs is a typical type in the supply chain of agricultural products, and is very popular in the development of agricultural industrialization. China is the first big country in the world of pork production, the number of live pigs is huge, and the consumption of pork is the largest in the consumption of the residents' meat. By the end of 2010, the total output of meat in the whole country is 792.5 million tons, of which, the output of the pork is 5070 million tons, and the output of the beef is 653. The output of the mutton is 398. Ten thousand tons of live pigs; 464.4 million pigs at the end of the year of live pigs; 6,700 of live pigs As a result, pig breeding is dominated by animal husbandry. The peasant household is one of the main parts of the pig supply chain, and is mainly engaged in the production In order to ensure the normal operation of the production of live pigs, the farmers need to enter However, the financial situation and information of the farmers are not transparent, the lack of effective collateral or the guarantee, the production and operation risk is large, and the transaction cost of the formal financial institution to provide the credit service is high, which leads to the extremely easy access of the farmers to the formal financial institutions Over the years, the country has taken a lot of reform measures for the formal financial institutions, and has developed relevant policies to enhance the willingness of the formal financial institutions to support the credit support of the farmers, but has not been able to change the farmers' continued access to the more serious credit The state of the constraint, the regular financial institution to the farmer's "credit loan" line In contrast to the behavior of the formal financial institutions, the leading enterprises in the supply chain of live pigs have passed through with A party to enter into an order contract to purchase funds on credit or to provide productive funds or to pre-pay some of the future agricultural products. Why rural formal financial institutions offer credit to farmers is not strong, leading enterprises in the supply chain of live pigs are willing to sign an order contract with a credit service with the farmers, Provide internal financing for it? What factors affect farmer's reference The availability of credit for farmers affected by the internal financing of the supply chain and the internal financing environment of the supply chain What are the factors of sex? Therefore, the overall objective of this study is: this study uses the theory of interconnected contract, transaction cost theory, credit rationing theory, information economics theory, and the live pig between the leading enterprise and the farmer on the basis of the farmer's perspective. Research on the internal financing of the supply chain to solve the farmer's capital flow in the existing supply chain of the agricultural products for the internal financing of the supply chain It provides a theoretical and empirical basis for tight-tightening. The main results are as follows: The contents and conclusions of the study are as follows: Study content 1 The internal financing mechanism of the pig supply chain is studied. The willingness and feasibility of the internal financing of the leading enterprises in the pig supply chain, such as the interconnection contract, the transaction cost, the credit rationing and the information asymmetry, are applied to the leading enterprises in the supply chain of the live pigs. The possibility of the house's participation in the supply chain, the mechanism and mechanism of the internal financing operation of the pig supply chain, and the leading enterprises and the farmers The results show that the income of the leading enterprises and the farmers through the participation in the internal financing of the supply chain is greater than that obtained through the external market transaction. Promote the well-being of the leading enterprises and the farmers. The internal financing model of the supply chain makes the leading enterprises and the farmers establish close cooperation The relationship has promoted the stable operation of the supply chain. The farmer has relieved the credit constraint, improved the product quality and solved the market problem of the agricultural products; the leading enterprise has obtained the stable, high-quality The supply of raw materials and the reduction of transaction cost. The paper studies the factors that affect the farmer's participation in the internal financing of the supply chain. Using the data of the farmer's field survey on the supply chain of the live pigs, the paper analyses the shadow on the basis of the model of the farmer's behavior. The research results show that the risk preference of the peasant household has passed the significance test and the influence is negative in the explanation variable of the individual characteristics of the peasant household. The scale of farmers' cultivation and the expected price fluctuation range of agricultural products in the explanation variable reflecting the characteristics of the production and operation of the farmers All variables passed the significance test and the effect was positive. The farmer was obtained The bank credit has passed the significance test and the effect is negative; the order pricing method and the pricing settlement terms that embody the fairness of the mutual benefit distribution of the internal financing cooperation of the supply chain are reflected in the order clause characteristics, and the default compensation strip reflecting the benefit guarantee degree of the internal financing cooperation parties of the supply chain the three solutions The release variable passed the significance test and the effect was The results of the study have verified the research hypothesis of this paper. The factors that affect the availability of the credit of the farmers under the internal financing environment of the chain. Based on the hkman model, the data of the farmer's field survey on the supply chain of the live pigs is used to analyze the supply. The factors that affect the availability of the credit of the farmers under the internal financing environment of the chain. The results show that, in the explanation of the individual characteristics of the peasant household, whether the farmer is a native or a peasant is a village cadre, the two variables have passed the significance test, and the influence is positive. ; the explanation variable reflecting the production and operation of the farmer and the financial characteristics; The scale of farmer's culture has passed the significance test, the influence is positive. The household total assets of the farmer and the bank credit obtained by the farmer have passed the significance test, the influence is negative, and the regression result of the model shows that the supply chain is in harmony The substitution degree between the capital and the bank credit is 61.04%, which indicates that the internal financing of the supply chain is an important channel for widening the credit availability of the farmers, and the credit constraints of the farmers can be significantly reduced, and the research hypothesis of this paper is verified. The implementation proportion and communication time of the order in the explanation variable reflecting the relationship between the peasant household and the leading enterprise The number of these two variables passed the significance test,
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F326.3;F832.43
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 汪琴;基于农户视角的我国农业价值链融资问题研究[D];安徽财经大学;2015年
，本文编号：2479857
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