中国商业银行可持续发展研究

发布时间：2019-05-22 14:00

【摘要】：金融是现代经济的核心,而银行业在整个金融系统中往往占有举足轻重的位置。商业银行体系不稳定,必然引起经济金融的动荡,因此,保持商业银行的长期稳健发展对经济金融的稳定与发展具有重要意义。商业银行可持续发展是指商业银行在遵循金融发展和自身发展客观规律的前提下,不断适应经济社会发展环境的变化,通过建立健全经营管理体制,优化内部运行机制,合理有效地开发和配置资金、机构、人力等金融资源,提高金融效率,增强盈利能力、风险防控能力和业务创新能力,提供优质的金融产品和服务,创造良好的企业文化和品牌形象,同时在追求当前发展的过程中,不以牺牲未来的利益为代价,并积极协调规模与效率、管理与创新、质量与速度、长远利益与短期利益、自身效益与社会效益之间的关系,最终实现全面、持续、均衡、稳健发展。对商业银行可持续发展水平进行测度和比较,将有助于准确掌握商业银行现在和未来发展状况,制定促进商业银行可持续发展的对策,进而实现商业银行与经济、社会、环境相互影响、相互作用下的协调发展。本文对商业银行可持续发展的研究主要是以金融可持续发展理论为指导,同时借鉴金融生态理论、银行危机理论等理论成果。首先,本文对商业银行可持续发展的内涵进行界定,系统阐述了商业银行可持续发展的涵义、特点、总体原则和基本要求,重点分析了商业银行实现可持续发展对银行业以及对经济社会发展的促进作用。其次,分析影响商业银行可持续发展的主要因素,并从资源、能力、效率、环境四个方面进行分类说明,找到反映这些因素的典型指标,构成商业银行可持续发展评价指标体系。然后,通过聚类分析法对商业银行可持续发展评价指标体系进行筛选,并结合数据的可获得性及指标的代表性,建立可直接用于计量的商业银行可持续发展测度指标体系。在此基础上,运用因子分析法对商业银行可持续发展水平进行测度。最后,根据测度结果,对5家国有控股大型商业银行,8家股份制商业银行,3家上市城市商业银行,2009-2011年间的可持续发展水平进行评价和比较。既进行综合比较,也进行分类比较；既进行测度指标比较,也进行因子得分比较；既进行不同类型之间商业银行总体可持续发展水平的比较,也进行同一类型内部各商业银行可持续发展水平的比较。通过比较,找到不同类型商业银行在可持续发展方面的优势和劣势,进而制定促进商业银行可持续发展的总体战略和具体措施。通过测度与比较得出结论：2011年,招商银行、兴业银行和民生银行的可持续发展水平排在前三名,华夏银行和农业银行排在后两名,总体上看,股份制商业银行的可持续发展水平高于国有控股大型商业银行,国有控股大型商业银行的可持续发展水平高于上市城市商业银行。国有控股大型商业银行在资产规模、中间业务收入、资本实力、盈利能力、政策支持等方面具有比较优势；股份制商业银行在风险防范、人力资源、流动性管理、薪酬福利、发展能力、客户服务等方面具有比较优势；上市城市商业银行在成本控制、人均利润、社会效益方面具有比较优势。 2009至2011年,在国有控股大型商业银行内部,建设银行和工商银行的可持续发展水平一直排在前两位,中国银行和交通银行的可持续发展水平位于中游,农业银行的可持续发展水平最低。在上市的股份制商业银行内部,招商银行和兴业银行的可持续发展水平一直位于前两名,华夏银行可持续发展水平处于最末位。民生银行可持续发展水平的排名基本稳定在三四名之间,中信银行可持续发展水平的排名呈现上升趋势,上海浦东发展银行、光大银行、深圳发展银行可持续发展水平的排名出现下降态势。已上市的城市商业银行和农村商业银行的可持续发展水平要明显高于非上市的城市商业银行和农村商业银行。研究结果表明：资源因素是商业银行可持续发展的基础；能力因素是商业银行可持续发展的条件；效率因素是对资源和能力的有效整合,是商业银行可持续发展的核心；环境因素是商业银行可持续发展的重要保障。只有统筹兼顾资源、能力、效率、环境四个方面因素,才能有效促进商业银行的可持续发展。本文提出：完善公司治理结构和内部控制机制,推进综合经营和跨国经营,加强金融创新与风险防控的协调平衡,同时培育和改善金融生态环境,是实现商业银行可持续发展的必由之路。本文的创新之处：一是从资源、能力、效率、环境四个维度全方位地分析影响商业银行可持续发展的因素,构建了涵盖各项影响因素的商业银行可持续发展评价体系。二是评价指标除了选取经济(财务)指标外,还选取了政策支持度、客户满意度和公益捐赠指数等定性指标和特色指标,力求更加全面地反映商业银行与经济、社会、环境相互影响、相互作用下的协调发展。三是在指标筛选过程中,采取聚类分析和典型性分析相结合的方法,既精简了指标数量,又避免了纯数据计算与实际情况的偏差。四是根据测度结果,对商业银行可持续发展水平进行评级,为商业银行的纵向、横向比较及政策制定提供了参考依据。五是在比较分析中增加了社会责任因子,将商业银行履行社会责任情况进行量化,并纳入到整体的分析框架之中,使商业银行可持续发展的内涵得到更加突出的体现。六是运用三年数据进行因子分析,既得到不同商业银行可持续发展水平的年度排名,又反映出同一家商业银行可持续发展水平的动态变化过程,使商业银行可持续发展的比较更加全面、系统。
[Abstract]:Finance is the core of the modern economy, and the banking industry plays an important role in the whole financial system. The system of commercial bank is not stable, it will cause the economic and financial turmoil, so it is of great significance to keep the long-term and steady development of the commercial bank in the stability and development of the economic finance. The sustainable development of commercial banks means that the commercial banks adapt to the changes of the economic and social development environment under the premise of following the objective law of financial development and self-development, and through establishing and perfecting the management and management system, optimizing the internal operation mechanism, and reasonably and effectively developing and configuring funds and institutions, Financial resources, such as human resources, improve financial efficiency, enhance profitability, risk prevention and control ability and business innovation ability, provide high-quality financial products and services, and create good corporate culture and brand image, while in the process of pursuing current development, The relationship between scale and efficiency, management and innovation, quality and speed, long-term benefit and short-term benefit, self-benefit and social benefit is not made at the expense of the sacrifice of the future benefit, and finally the comprehensive, continuous, balanced and stable development is realized. The measure and comparison of the sustainable development level of the commercial bank will help to master the current and future development of the commercial bank, formulate the countermeasures to promote the sustainable development of the commercial bank, and further realize the mutual influence of the commercial bank with the economy, the society and the environment, The coordinated development under the interaction. The research on the sustainable development of commercial banks is guided by the theory of the sustainable development of finance, and at the same time, from the theory of financial ecology, the theory of bank crisis, etc. First, this paper defines the connotation of the sustainable development of commercial banks, and systematically expounds the meaning, characteristics, general principles and basic requirements of the sustainable development of commercial banks, and analyzes the promotion of the sustainable development of commercial banks to the banking industry and the development of economic and social development. Secondly, the paper analyzes the main factors that affect the sustainable development of the commercial bank, and makes a classification description from the four aspects of resources, capability, efficiency and environment, and finds the typical index which reflects these factors, and forms the index body of the sustainable development of the commercial bank. Then, the index system of the sustainable development of commercial banks is selected by cluster analysis, and the indicators of sustainable development of commercial banks that can be directly used for measurement can be established by using the representative of the availability and the index of the data. On this basis, the sustainable development level of commercial banks is measured by the factor analysis method. Finally, according to the measure results,5 state-owned large-scale commercial banks,8 joint-stock commercial banks and 3 listed urban commercial banks are evaluated and compared with the sustainable development level in 2009-2011 The comparison between different types of commercial banks' overall sustainable development level and the ratio of the sustainable development level of all commercial banks in the same type are also carried out. By comparing, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of commercial banks in the sustainable development are found, and the overall strategy and specific measures to promote the sustainable development of commercial banks By means of measurement and comparison, it is concluded that the sustainable development level of China Merchants Bank, Industrial Bank and Minsheng Bank is the first three in 2011, and the top two of Huaxia Bank and Agricultural Bank of China On the other hand, the sustainable development level of the joint-stock commercial banks is higher than that of the state-owned large-scale commercial banks, and the sustainable development level of the state-controlled large-scale commercial banks is higher than that of the listed cities The state-owned large-scale commercial bank has a comparative advantage in the aspects of asset size, intermediate business income, capital strength, profitability, policy support and the like; and the joint-stock commercial bank has a comparative advantage in the aspects of risk prevention, human resource, liquidity management, compensation and welfare, and the like. has a comparative advantage in terms of capability, customer service and the like; and the listed city commercial bank has a ratio in terms of cost control, per capita profit and social benefit From 2009 to 2011, in the state-owned large-scale commercial bank, the sustainable development level of the Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China has been at the top two. The sustainable development level of the Bank of China and the Bank of Communications is in the middle reaches, and the sustainable development of the Agricultural Bank of China The level of the exhibition is the lowest. The sustainable development level of China Merchants Bank and Xingye Bank has been at the top two in the listed joint-stock commercial bank, and the sustainable development level of Huaxia Bank In the last place, the ranking of the sustainable development level of the Minsheng Bank is basically stable, and the ranking of the sustainable development level of Citic Bank shows an upward trend, and the ranking of the sustainable development level of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, the Everbright Bank and the Shenzhen Development Bank The level of sustainable development of listed urban commercial banks and rural commercial banks is higher than that of non-listed urban commercial banks and non-agricultural commercial banks The research results show that the resource factor is the basis of the sustainable development of the commercial bank; the ability factor is the condition of the sustainable development of the commercial bank; the efficiency factor is the effective integration of the resources and the ability, and the commercial bank can The core of sustainable development; environmental factors are the sustainable development of commercial banks The important guarantee of the development is that the commercial silver can be effectively promoted only if the resources, the capacity, the efficiency and the environment are integrated into account. The paper put forward that: to perfect the corporate governance structure and the internal control mechanism, to promote the comprehensive management and the transnational operation, to strengthen the coordination balance between the financial innovation and the risk prevention and control, and to foster and improve the financial ecological environment, so as to realize the sustainable development of the commercial bank The only way to develop is to analyze the factors that affect the sustainable development of commercial banks from the aspects of resource, ability, efficiency and environment. Second, the evaluation index, in addition to selecting economic (financial) indicators, also selected qualitative and characteristic indexes such as policy support, customer satisfaction and public welfare donation index, and strive to reflect the commercial bank and economy more comprehensively, the influence of the society and the environment, and the phase The third is to combine the cluster analysis and the typical analysis in the process of the index selection, not only to reduce the number of the indexes but also to avoid the pure data meter. 4. According to the measure result, the sustainable development level of the commercial bank is rated, which is the longitudinal, horizontal comparison and policy of the commercial bank. A reference basis is provided. Fifth, the social responsibility factor is added to the comparative analysis, and the commercial bank's social responsibility is quantified and integrated into the overall analysis framework, so as to make the sustainable development of the commercial bank The sixth is to use the three-year data to carry on the factor analysis, not only the annual ranking of the sustainable development level of different commercial banks, but also the dynamic change process of the sustainable development level of the same commercial bank, so as to make the commercial bank sustainable development
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33

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