银行卡交换费差异化定价机制研究

发布时间：2019-05-29 21:09

【摘要】：银行卡诞生于20世纪50年代,是传统金融业务结合电子信息技术于一体的新型金融产品。作为零售银行业务与现代通信技术相结合的产品,银行卡从其诞生起,就既不是一种简单的金融产品,更不只是信息技术的创新应用。传统上,银行卡产业主要由从事银行卡发行的发卡机构,为银行卡受理特约商户的收单机构,从事跨行信息转接服务的银行卡组织,以及银行卡的两端用户——持卡人和商户组成。从产业组织的角度,现代银行卡理论认为,由以上产业链组成的银行卡产业,是一个典型的双边市场以及拥有网络外部性。通俗的讲,银行卡市场是由银行卡组织这个中介平台,通过直接联系发卡和收单机构,以及适当的定价,使得持卡人和银行卡受理商户形成互动。可以说,双边市场理论至少部分解释了现有的银行卡产业组织模式,从而为了银行卡定价理论研究的重要出发点。根据发改委2013年发布的《关于优化和调整银行卡刷卡手续费的通知》,我国将商户分为三大类、四小类,其中餐娱类费率为1.25%、一般类为0.78%,民生类为0.38%、公益类为0；与此同时,房地产汽车类和批发商户单笔业务交换费封顶为80元和26元；刷卡手续费最终按照7：2：1的比例分配给发卡银行、收单机构和银行卡清算组织。近年来,我国银行卡产业得到快速发展,现行的银行卡交换费定价机制在促进银行卡消费、改善支付环境的同时也逐渐暴露了一些问题及缺陷,如借、贷记卡实行同一计价标准逐渐不适应产业发展,不利于推进银行卡产业向纵深发展；现有定价机制没有涉及到网上购物、网络收单业务等网络支付价格机制；各行业间刷卡手续费价差大,容易造成Mcc码的套用等违法行为；刷卡手续费实行封顶收费不利于正常反映发卡银行成本和收益匹配关系等一系列问题越来越受到业界以及学术界的关注。因此,在新环境、新条件下,非常有必要对我国银行卡交换费机制进行研究,本文主要选取我国银行卡交换费差异化的定价机制研究,得出相关结论。本文首先基于国内外对银行卡交换费的研究,总结了银行卡产业网络外部性和双边市场的特征以及银行卡交换费定价、差异化定价的理论基础,对比我国现阶段银行卡交换费价格机制和国外银行卡交换费价格机制的形成的异同点,并通过理论分析和模型的推到验证了银行卡交换费对借记卡和信用卡实行差异化定价的必要性,与此同时,通过中国银联提供的银行卡交易数据建立的实证分析,得出了信用卡交换费比我国现行价格低估、借记卡交换费比我国现行价格高估的结论,并为我国银行卡市场健康持续的发展提供了建议。本文的主要内容如下：第一章是绪论部分。在这章节,对论文的选题背景、研究意义、研究主要现状、研究方法进行阐述,同时对国内外关于银行卡交换费研究现状进行文献综述。第二章是研究的理论基础。阐明银行卡产业的基本经济特征、银行卡交换费定价的相关理论基础、以及差别定价理论。第三章是阐述了我国银行卡市场的发展现状、特征以及我国现行的银行卡交话费价格机制和缺陷,对比国内外银行卡交换费定价机制的异同点。第四章构建Hottelling银行卡差异化定价模型,通过数学模型推导验证了银行卡交换费对借记卡和信用卡实行差异化定价的必要性,第五章通过中国银联提供的银行卡交易数据建立的实证研究,得出相关结论,并为促进我国银行卡市场健康持续的发展提供了建议。第六章对全文进行了总结并指出了本文的研究不足及未来研究方向。
[Abstract]:The bank card was born in the 50 's of the 20th century, and it is a new type of financial product which is integrated with the electronic information technology in the traditional financial business. As a product of the combination of retail banking and modern communication technology, the bank card is not only a simple financial product, but it is not just an innovative application of information technology. Traditionally, the bank card industry is mainly composed of a card issuing organization engaged in the issuance of a bank card, a receiving mechanism for accepting a special merchant for a bank card, a bank card organization engaged in a cross-line information transfer service, and two end users of the bank card, a cardholder and a merchant. From the angle of industrial organization, the modern bank card theory holds that the bank card industry, which is composed of the above industrial chain, is a typical bilateral market and has network externality. In a popular way, the bank card market is an intermediary platform organized by the bank card, and the card holder and the bank card accept the merchant to form the interaction by directly contacting the card issuing and receiving mechanism and the appropriate pricing. It can be said that the theory of the bilateral market at least partly explains the existing organization model of the bank card industry, so that it is an important starting point for the research of the bank card pricing theory. According to the notice issued by the National Development and Reform Commission on the optimization and adjustment of the bank card handling fee in 2013, China is divided into three main categories, four small classes, one of which is 1.25%, the general class is 0.78%, the people's livelihood class is 0.38%, and the public interest class is 0; at the same time, The single-pen business exchange fee of the real estate car and the wholesalers is 80 yuan and 26 yuan; the card fee is finally distributed to the card issuing bank, the acquirer and the bank card clearing organization according to the ratio of 7:2:1. In recent years, China's bank card industry has been developed rapidly, and the existing pricing mechanism of bank card exchange has gradually exposed some problems and defects in promoting the consumption of bank card and improving the payment environment. It is not conducive to the advance of the development of the bank card industry; the existing pricing mechanism does not involve the network payment price mechanism such as the online shopping and the network receipt business; the price difference of the card-card handling fee among the industries is large, and the abuse of the Mcc code can be easily caused; A series of problems, such as the normal reflection of the relationship between the cost of the card issuing bank and the matching of the income, are becoming more and more attracted by the industry and the academic circles. Therefore, under the new circumstances and new conditions, it is necessary to study the exchange fee mechanism of the bank card of our country, this paper mainly chooses the pricing mechanism of the differentiation of the bank card exchange fee in our country, and draws the relevant conclusion. Firstly, based on the research of the exchange fee of the bank card at home and abroad, the paper sums up the characteristics of the network externality of the bank card industry and the characteristics of the bilateral market and the theoretical basis of the pricing and differential pricing of the bank card exchange fee. in contrast to that difference and the difference between the price mechanism of the bank card exchange fee and the price mechanism of the foreign bank card exchange fee at the present stage of our country, the necessity of the differential pricing of the debit card and the credit card by the bank card exchange fee is verified through the theoretical analysis and the model, meanwhile, Based on the empirical analysis of the bank card transaction data provided by China UnionPay, it is concluded that the credit card exchange rate is lower than the current price of our country, the exchange rate of the debit card is higher than that of the current price overvaluation in our country, and it provides a suggestion for the sustainable development of the bank card market in China. The main contents of this paper are as follows: The first chapter is the introduction part. In this section, the background, research significance, main current situation and research method of the thesis are discussed, and the current situation of the research on the exchange fee of the bank card at home and abroad is reviewed. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the research. This paper expounds the basic economic characteristics of the bank card industry, the relevant theoretical basis of the pricing of the bank card exchange fee, and the difference pricing theory. In the third chapter, the present situation and characteristics of the bank card market in our country and the price mechanism and the defect of the existing bank card exchange fee in our country are set forth, and the similarities and differences of the pricing mechanism of the bank card exchange fee at home and abroad are compared. The fourth chapter is to build the differential pricing model of the Hotelling bank card, and the necessity of the differential pricing of the debit card and the credit card by the bank card exchange fee is derived through the mathematical model. The fifth chapter is based on the empirical study of the bank card transaction data provided by the China UnionPay, and the relevant conclusions are drawn. And provides a suggestion for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the bank card market in China. The sixth chapter summarizes the full text and points out the deficiency of this paper and the future research direction.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832.2

【参考文献】