中国金融结构和金融效率的关联性研究

发布时间：2019-07-10 15:10

【摘要】：金融作为现代市场经济运行的核心要素,它对于实现经济长期稳定增长发挥着不可替代的作用。特别是进入新世纪后,在经济全球化的背景下,随着经济金融化和金融自由化进程的不断推进,金融在经济发展过程中所发挥的作用日益凸显,如何实现金融发展促进经济增长己成为全球性论题。金融结构优化调整和金融效率提升既是金融发展的题中之意,也是实现金融发展的关键途径,二者正越来越受到国内外研究者们的广泛关注。我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,金融结构变迁和金融效率提升的发展过程有着自身的特殊性。在20世纪80年代以前,我国的金融体系发展缓慢,对于经济增长的贡献能力也十分有限；直到改革开放以后,金融业的发展才引起国家的重视,并自此逐步进入了加速发展的快车道。经过30多年的改革和发展,不仅金融资产在规模和数量上得到了极大的扩张,而且整个金融体系的结构和功能也日趋完善,金融行业取得了长足的进步和发展。但是由于受到经济基础、空间地理和历史因素等的限制,我国目前金融体系运作过程中仍然暴露出诸多问题：金融工具结构、金融机构结构和金融市场结构不合理,地区金融发展不均衡,金融体系服务实体经济能力弱,宏观金融运作效率低下等。这些都是我国金融发展过程中所亟待解决的问题。本文基于金融学研究视角,将金融结构和金融效率的关联性作为研究重点,不仅对金融结构和金融效率的概念、构成和影响因素等进行了全面的理论探究,还利用大量的统计数据对我国金融结构和金融效率进行了多层次的现状分析,并在此基础上运用因子分析和回归分析等计量模型对二者的关联作用机制进行了深入的实证研究。研究结果表明：对我国金融结构影响最为显著的因子为金融资产结构、金融市场功能结构和金融工具结构；对我国金融效率影响最为显著的因子为金融对经济发展的贡献效率、金融体系储蓄动员效率和金融行业自身的发展效率；金融结构优化和金融效率提升之间存在着明显的正相关关系,且量化比例关系约为0.8,二者之间存在着相互促进的耦合作用机制。笔者根据本文的研究结论并充分结合我国实际给出了一些实现金融发展促进经济增长的政策建议：进一步推动并深化金融体制改革,大力发展多元化金融机构体系和立体化金融市场体系,并积极优化金融体系资产负债结构；鼓励金融创新与加强金融监管并重,推动金融工具、金融机构和金融市场等多种金融要素的全方位创新,促进宏观金融效率提升；积极转变政府职能,逐步实现从金融体系的直接控制者向着宏观调控者转变,推动金融体系发展走向市场化,让市场机制来进行我国金融结构调整和金融效率优化的路径和模式选择。
[Abstract]:As the core element of modern market economy, finance plays an irreplaceable role in realizing long-term and stable economic growth. Especially after entering the new century, under the background of economic globalization, with the continuous progress of economic financialization and financial liberalization, the role of finance in the process of economic development has become increasingly prominent. How to achieve financial development and promote economic growth has become a global topic. The optimization and adjustment of financial structure and the improvement of financial efficiency are not only the meaning of financial development, but also the key way to realize financial development. they are attracting more and more attention from researchers at home and abroad. As the largest developing country in the world, the development process of financial structure change and financial efficiency improvement has its own particularity. Before the 1980s, China's financial system developed slowly and its ability to contribute to economic growth was very limited. It was not until the reform and opening up that the development of the financial industry attracted the attention of the state, and has gradually entered the fast lane of accelerating development. After more than 30 years of reform and development, not only the scale and quantity of financial assets have been greatly expanded, but also the structure and function of the whole financial system have become more and more perfect, and the financial industry has made great progress and development. However, due to the limitations of economic base, spatial geography and historical factors, there are still many problems in the operation of the financial system in our country: the structure of financial instruments, the structure of financial institutions and the structure of financial market are unreasonable, the regional financial development is uneven, the real economic capacity of financial system is weak, the efficiency of macro-financial operation is low, and so on. These are the urgent problems to be solved in the process of financial development in our country. Based on the perspective of finance research, this paper focuses on the relationship between financial structure and financial efficiency. It not only makes a comprehensive theoretical study on the concept, composition and influencing factors of financial structure and financial efficiency, but also makes a multi-level analysis of the current situation of financial structure and financial efficiency in China by using a large number of statistical data. On this basis, factor analysis and regression analysis and other econometric models are used to make an in-depth empirical study on the relationship mechanism between the two models. The results show that the most significant factors affecting the financial structure of our country are the structure of financial assets, the functional structure of financial market and the structure of financial instruments, and the most significant factors affecting the financial efficiency of our country are the contribution efficiency of finance to economic development, the efficiency of saving mobilization of financial system and the development efficiency of financial industry itself. There is an obvious positive correlation between the optimization of financial structure and the improvement of financial efficiency, and the quantitative proportional relationship is about 0.8. There is a coupling mechanism between them. According to the research conclusions of this paper and fully combined with the actual situation of our country, the author puts forward some policy suggestions to realize financial development and promote economic growth: further promote and deepen the reform of financial system, vigorously develop diversified financial institution system and three-dimensional financial market system, and actively optimize the asset-liability structure of financial system; Encourage financial innovation and strengthen financial supervision, promote the all-round innovation of various financial elements, such as financial instruments, financial institutions and financial markets, and promote the improvement of macro-financial efficiency; We should actively change the functions of the government, gradually realize the transformation from the direct controller of the financial system to the macro-controller, promote the development of the financial system to marketization, and let the market mechanism carry out the path and mode choice of the adjustment of China's financial structure and the optimization of financial efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.3

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