“珠窗网户”的意义—宋代建筑门窗功能研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 22:31

本文选题：开启　切入点：功能转化　出处：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：室内空间的应用是否成立，在于门窗功能的明确，正因为空间中有了门窗才形成一个较为完善可以使用的房间。《道德经》中“凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用，故有之以为利，无之以为用”。研究宋代建筑门窗的功能。就中国而言建筑方面从宋代有了《营造法式》，，开始确立了官方营造技术的规范，对中国建筑有着深远的影响。特别是小木作从建筑中独立出来，在营造中成为不可或缺的组成部分。如此建筑门窗在唐宋之间有了质的飞跃。在很多史料中记载，建筑中的门窗在宋代以前通常是不能够^u启的，这意味着门窗的功能极为有限。唐代到宋代建筑门窗的功能开始有了转变，可供^u启闭合的门窗出现。这之间的功能转变就在于唐宋年间的转化，以至于到了宋代建筑与门窗的新关系之中。简述建筑门窗在中国的起源与背景。从半坡遗址中门窗的雏形到西周时期有一定的防御功能和造型。随着秦汉的统一建筑规矩开始建立，门窗有了简单的功能变化，门窗中棂条的出现，成为支撑局部结构的功能构件。三国时的文人雅士逃避世俗，把注意力转移到生活环境中，对门窗的装饰带来了增强。所以唐宋以前千余年中，建筑门窗的功能停留在通风，采光以及简单的装饰之中。唐宋的城市格局对建筑要求逐步提升，从而门窗的功能转化也随之到来。社会等级的规定己体现在门窗之中，在不同的建筑中有一定的功能变化。诗词中通过视觉与美学的相结合去了解内外的世界，从中体现出门窗功能的转变。唐宋把门窗的采光与通风发挥的淋漓尽致。门窗的位置在建筑中更为自由。新形式的门窗类型带来较大功能转变，形成了可供开启的门窗。格子门窗又称为的隔扇，即是门又是窗的形式，对宋代门窗功能的完善有了深远的影响。随着门窗的范围增大对装饰的要求也就越高，出现了珠窗网户的形制。宋代建筑门窗规范了新的关系。特别在《营造法式》中小木作的独立出现,说明了门窗在不同建筑与不同位置，发挥各自的功能。特别是格子门，是对当时门窗定义的重大转变，为建筑门窗的功能发展提供了一个平台。社会礼制在建筑门窗中开始带有一定的标志性。宋词的描述中看到文人对建筑门窗与居住环境寄托的情感表达，客观的去诠释建筑门窗的功能发展对人们生活环境的新拓展。最终的理论基础在《营造法式》的小木作中，说明了建筑门窗在当时的界定与类型的定义，将其中的功能进行解释分析，来承托全文的理论根据。现代社会对宋代建筑门窗的发展，分析其中的历史价值。对宋代以后建筑门窗的影响做一定的了解。同时相比较欧洲同时期门窗的主要区别，来突出宋代建筑门窗的优势与特点。
[Abstract]:Whether the application of indoor space is established or not lies in the clear function of doors and windows. It is precisely because there are doors and windows in the space that a more perfect and usable room is formed. Therefore, there is a profit, nothing for use "." To study the functions of the doors and windows of the buildings in the Song Dynasty. As far as China is concerned, the construction has been established since the Song Dynasty, and the regulations of the official construction technology have been established, which has a profound influence on the Chinese architecture. Especially, the small wood works are independent from the buildings. It has become an indispensable part of the building. Thus, the doors and windows of the building made a qualitative leap between the Tang and Song dynasties. In many historical records, the doors and windows in the building were usually unable to open before the Song Dynasty. This means that the functions of doors and windows are extremely limited. The functions of doors and windows in Tang and Song dynasties have begun to change, and the doors and windows that can be opened and closed have emerged. The functional changes between these functions are due to the transformation of the Tang and Song dynasties. To the Song Dynasty architecture and doors and windows in the new relationship. This paper briefly describes the origin and background of architectural doors and windows in China. From the embryonic form of windows and doors in the Banpo site to the certain defensive functions and shapes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the establishment of the unified building rules of the Qin and Han dynasties, the doors and windows have had simple functional changes. The appearance of the lattice in the windows and doors became the functional component supporting the local structure. The literati and elegant scholars of the three Kingdoms avoided the common customs and shifted their attention to the living environment, which enhanced the decoration of the doors and windows. So, more than a thousand years before the Tang and Song dynasties, The function of building doors and windows stays in ventilation, daylighting and simple decoration. The urban pattern of the Tang and Song dynasties gradually raised the architectural requirements, so the functional transformation of windows and doors came along with it. The rules of social hierarchy have been embodied in the doors and windows. In different buildings there are certain functional changes. Poetry through the combination of vision and aesthetics to understand the world inside and outside, In Tang and Song dynasties, the lighting and ventilation of windows and doors are brought into full play. The location of windows and doors is more free in architecture. The new type of doors and windows brings great functional changes. The latticed door and window, also known as the partition fan, was the form of the door and window, which had a profound influence on the perfection of the function of the door and window in the Song Dynasty. As the scope of the door and window increased, the requirements for decoration became higher. The appearance of Pearl screen door. In the Song Dynasty, the doors and windows of buildings regulated the new relationship. Especially in the independent appearance of the small and medium-sized wooden works, the doors and windows played their respective functions in different buildings and different positions, especially the latticed doors. It was a major change in the definition of doors and windows at that time. It provides a platform for the functional development of architectural doors and windows. Social etiquette begins to carry a certain symbol in the architectural windows and doors. In the description of Song ci, it is found that the literati express their feelings to the architectural windows and doors and the living environment. Objective interpretation of the function of architectural doors and windows to the development of the new expansion of people's living environment. The ultimate theoretical basis in the "creation of French style" in the small wood, explained the architectural doors and windows at that time the definition and type of the definition, Explain and analyze the function to support the theoretical basis of the full text. The modern society analyzes the historical value of the development of architectural doors and windows in Song Dynasty, and makes a certain understanding of the influence of architectural windows and doors after Song Dynasty. At the same time, it compares the main differences between windows and doors in Europe at the same time. To highlight the advantages and characteristics of the Song Dynasty architectural doors and windows.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-86;TU228

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