西南山地城市空间适灾理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:00

本文选题：西南山地 + 空间适灾　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：自人类进入聚居，，就学会了利用空间进行避灾、防灾、甚至抗灾的实践。但随着城市的发展，研究分工开始细化，城市防灾减灾研究也开始深入到针对每个灾种进行较为细致的研究，而从总体上进行城市空间防灾减灾的研究则较少。城市空间是一个功能复杂的综合体，往往需要面对不同已知和未知各种类型的灾害，且各种灾害所需要的防灾控制要求各不相同。这就使得城市防灾减灾工作往往都是“头痛医头，脚痛医脚”，哪里出现灾害就往哪里补救，缺乏利用整体城市空间主动来防灾减灾的研究。山地城市是灾害多发地区，其灾害的形成不仅是城市空间本身的问题，还牵涉到城市所处的宏观环境，以及城市表现出的空间形态。论文以复杂系统研究为主要方法，问题导向为研究思路，对山地城市主要灾害类型进行剖析，发现各类灾害过程对城市的影响在于宏观破坏生态环境，中观破坏城市结构形态、微观破坏城市空间要素。基于此，论文探讨了宏观城市外部环境、中观城市结构形态、微观城市（内部）空间构成与城市灾害形成、发展以及衰减全过程的作用机制规律，并试图通过对这些规律的认识，建立起提高城市空间适灾能力的方法体系。论文研究遵循“提出问题—剖析问题—理论建构—机制探析—规划干预”的技术路线。通过对城市外部环境、城市（内部）空间构成、城市结构形态在灾害发展过程中的作用机制研究，初步建立起城市外部环境、城市空间及城市形态与灾害形成、发展和衰减之间的关联作用模型；并通过对前三者的规划调适，改变灾害在3个阶段的不同输出状态（灾害形成阶段，通过调适相关空间要素阻止灾害的发生；灾害发展阶段，通过控制相关空间要素限制灾害的扩大；灾害衰减阶段，则通过改变相关空间要素促进灾害的快速衰减），以达到通过调控城市空间构成要素来控制灾害的目的，提高城市空间对于灾害的适应能力和承载能力。（一）、在对西南山地城市灾害与城市空间作用规律认识的基础上，建立了从城市外部环境、城市（内部）空间、空间形态等方面综合进行主动防灾减灾的思路，提出城市空间适灾的理念，把城市空间对于灾害的“防御”进一步扩展到城市空间对于灾害的“适应”，并系统阐述空间适灾理念的构成、与相关概念的区别、空间适灾的作用机制及其优势。城市灾害的发生不可能根本杜绝，相反各种城市灾害的突发性和随机性使得城市防不胜防。因此，城市在尽量预防灾害发生的同时，也要提高城市空间对于灾害的适应能力和承载能力。这种适应能力主要表现为提高城市空间的弹性，即既可防灾又可容灾，具有较好的防救能力，还可以在灾害过后支撑恢复重建，减少城市遭受的损失（论文1-3章）。（二）、详细分析了城市空间构成要素与灾害过程的关系，对各个关键要素在城市空间防灾减灾中的作用进行了分析。从总体认识层面，可概括为城市所处的大环境即城市外部环境、城市本身的空间构成和城市空间结构形态3个方面。论文4-6章分别对涉及这3个方面的因子进行了详细的研究，对其在灾害过程中所起到的作用进行了分析。其中第4章分析了城市外部环境的适灾作用，其适灾特征表现为外部空间环境的整体性、可容纳性和生态性。第5章分析了城市（内部）空间适灾构成要素，分别从城市空间适灾的功能系统、骨架系统、实体系统、支撑系统和引导系统进行研究，并探讨各空间系统要素的适灾机制。第6章分析了城市空间适灾的形态特征，研究发现了西南山地城市空间形态与环境相适应的多组团特征；西南山地城市的有机分散与紧凑集中特征；西南山地城市的道路交通引导空间形态发展特征；以及西南山地城市空间形态自组织特征。这些特征是影响城市空间适灾作用的重要因素（论文4-6章）。（三）、从城市外部环境、城市空间、城市形态3个方面探讨了城市空间适灾的影响要素，建立起城市外部环境、城市（内部）空间、城市形态与灾害形成、发展和衰减之间的关联作用模型，并分析该模型在灾害形成-发展-衰减3个阶段输入与输出因子系统的变化规律，提出了3个阶段的规划干预策略：灾前干预、灾中控制、灾后重构。以期通过对规划因子要素的调节，发挥城市空间在灾害过程不同阶段对灾害系统的调控作用，达到控制灾害发生、或减轻灾害破坏、或促进灾害衰减的作用，提高城市空间对于灾害的干预能力。（四）、最后基于各空间因子要素的研究分析，及模型的推演功能，提出了西南山地城市空间适灾的理想模式。论文研究试图探讨山地城市防灾减灾的突破点，以期为西南地区城市防灾减灾工作提供参考。
[Abstract]:Since human beings enter into settlement, they have learned to use space to avoid disaster, disaster prevention and even disaster resistance. However, with the development of the city, the research division began to be refined, and the research on urban disaster prevention and disaster reduction began to carry out a more detailed study on each kind of disaster, and the research on urban space disaster prevention and mitigation is less. It is a complex functional complex that often needs to face different types of disasters known and unknown, and the requirements for disaster prevention and control of various disasters are different. This makes the urban disaster prevention and reduction work often the "headache doctor, foot pain medical foot", where the disaster is remedied and the whole city is not used. Research on space initiative to prevent disaster and disaster reduction.
The mountain city is a disaster prone area, its disaster is not only the problem of urban space itself, but also the macro environment of the city and the spatial form of the city. The paper takes the complex system research as the main method, the problem orientation is the research idea, the main disaster types of the mountain city are analyzed, and the various kinds of disasters are found. The influence of the damage process on the city lies in the macro destruction of the ecological environment, the meso destruction of the urban structure and the microscopic destruction of the urban space elements. Based on this, the paper discusses the mechanism of the macro urban external environment, the meso urban structure, the micro urban (internal) space composition and the formation of urban disaster damage, development and the attenuation of the whole process. And through the understanding of these laws, we try to establish a method system to improve the ability of urban space disaster.
The paper follows the technical line of "question - Analysis - Theoretical Construction - mechanism analysis - planning intervention". Through the study of the urban external environment, the urban (internal) space and the mechanism of the urban structure in the process of disaster development, the external environment of the city, the urban space and the urban form and disaster are initially established. The model of the association between damage formation, development and attenuation; and by adjusting the planning of the first three parties to change the different output states of the disaster at the 3 stages (the stage of disaster formation, by adjusting the related spatial elements to prevent the occurrence of the disaster; the disaster development stage, by controlling the related space elements to limit the expansion of the disaster; and the disaster attenuation. " Phase, by changing the related spatial elements to accelerate the rapid attenuation of disaster), in order to achieve the purpose of controlling the disaster by regulating the elements of urban space, and improving the adaptability and carrying capacity of the urban space for the disaster.
(1) on the basis of the understanding of the urban disaster and the law of urban space in the southwest mountain areas, the idea of active disaster prevention and mitigation is set up from the external environment of the city, the space of the city (internal), and the space form. The idea of urban space disaster adaptation is put forward, and the "defense" of the city space is further extended to the urban space. As for the "adaptation" of disasters, the composition of the concept of spatial disaster adaptation, the difference between the related concepts, the mechanism and its advantages of the spatial disaster relief, the occurrence of urban disasters can not be fundamentally eliminated, and the urban disasters are not successful and the city is preventing the disaster from happening. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the adaptability and carrying capacity of urban space for disaster. This adaptability is mainly to improve the elasticity of urban space, that is, it can prevent disaster and disaster recovery, have good rescue ability. It can also support restoration and reconstruction after the disaster and reduce the loss of City (1-3 chapters).
(two) the relationship between urban space components and disaster process is analyzed in detail, and the role of the key elements in disaster prevention and reduction in urban space is analyzed. From the overall level of understanding, it can be summarized as the big environment in the city, that is, the external environment of the city, the spatial composition of the city itself and the form of the urban space structure in 3 aspects. 4- The 6 chapter carries out a detailed study of the factors involved in the 3 aspects, and analyzes its role in the process of disaster. The fourth chapter analyzes the effect of the city's external environment, which is characterized by the integrity, accommodability and ecology of the external space environment. The fifth chapter analyses the spatial adaptation of the city (internal). From the function system of urban spatial adaptation, skeleton system, entity system, support system and guidance system, the disaster formation mechanism is discussed respectively. The sixth chapter analyzes the morphological characteristics of urban spatial adaptation, and finds out the multi group special features of the urban spatial form and environment in the southwest mountainous region. The characteristics of the organic dispersion and compact concentration in the southwestern mountainous cities, the characteristics of the road traffic guidance in the southwest mountainous cities and the self organizing characteristics of the urban spatial form in the southwest mountain areas. These characteristics are the important factors affecting the urban space disaster response (the 4-6 chapter of the thesis).
(three) from the 3 aspects of the urban environment, the urban space and the urban form, the factors affecting the urban space disaster are discussed, and the model of the relationship between the urban external environment, the city (internal) space, the urban form and the disaster formation, the development and attenuation is established, and the input and output of the model in the 3 stages of the disaster formation, development and attenuation are analyzed. 3 stages of planning intervention strategies are proposed: pre disaster intervention, disaster control, and post disaster reconstruction. By adjusting the factors of planning factors, the regulation of urban space in different stages of disaster process can be played to control the occurrence of disaster, reduce disaster damage, or promote disaster attenuation. To enhance the ability of urban space to intervene in disasters.
(four) finally, based on the research and analysis of the spatial factors and the deduction function of the model, the ideal model of the Spatial Suitability of mountainous cities in Southwest China is put forward.
This paper attempts to explore breakthroughs in disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous cities, with a view to providing references for urban disaster prevention and mitigation in Southwest China.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.116

【参考文献】