景观排水沟设计研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 11:12

本文选题：排水系统 + 景观排水沟　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着时代的发展,城市化进程速度加快,城市用水压力剧增,对地下水的过度开采,城市建设使土地形态硬质化,雨水无法渗透补充地下水,影响周边的生态环境。城市建设强烈干扰了城市的自然水循环,受到全球变暖的影响,极端降雨的强度和频率都增加,直接威胁着人类的生命财产安全。城市的发展导致污水排放量逐渐的增加和雨水径流使得城市洪涝问题日益严峻,城市水污染和富营养化严重,水质下降,自然环境受到破坏,这些都间接影响着人类的身心健康。对此,可持续的排水系统呼应而出,重视从源头上控制和雨水的收集和利用,以保证植物和动物的生存环境、保持城市水文循环。排水沟作为排水系统的重要部分,是景观设计中需要解决的重要功能问题,但是往往在现在的设计中被消极的对待或者认为是不得已而为之,设计时多以满足功能为目标,形式单一缺乏景观性,且缺少城市韵味和城市个性,没有体现城市的文化和内涵。对排水沟等基础设施景观化设计是城市发展的产物,是基础设施的发展趋势。本文主要通过对排水沟的基本知识和景观效果相结合,提出景观排水沟的概念。运用园林美学、景观生态学、地域文化理论、引导性等相关理论,将景观排水沟隐蔽性不同分为无盖明沟、加盖明沟和缝隙式线性排水沟；按照材料分为沟、砖沟、石砌沟、混凝土沟、金属沟；按断面形式不同分为矩形排水沟、梯形排水沟和U型排水沟。本文分析总结了景观排水沟的排水功能和生态功能的基本功能,辅助功能。考虑影响景观排水沟的安全性、特色性、自然性、生态性、以及与周围环境和其他景观元素的整体性的因素,确定景观排水沟的间距、深度设计流量、设计水位、选择断面形式及排水沟的坡度；沟壁材料和盖板的材料与样式等设计要素。景观排水沟材料选择、设计流量、设计水位以及断面形式和尺寸等景观排水沟设计要素,以求设计合理、合适。提出景观排水沟设计时要注重功能性原则、生态性原则、景观艺术性和地域文化性原则。本文结合实际案例,规范设计景观排水沟的设计要素,以及景观排水沟的设计原则的体现,对景观排水沟设计提出一些建议,以希望能给设计者在景观排水沟设计上提供一些理论依据和新思维,为实现城市可持续排水付出一份力量。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the speed of urbanization is quickening, the pressure of urban water use is increasing sharply, the over-exploitation of groundwater and the construction of city make the land form hard. Rain Water can not penetrate and replenish groundwater and affect the surrounding ecological environment. Urban construction strongly interferes with the natural water cycle of the city, which is affected by global warming, and the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall increase, which directly threatens the safety of human life and property. The development of cities leads to the gradual increase of sewage discharge and the runoff of Rain Water, which makes the problem of urban flood more and more serious, the water pollution and eutrophication in cities are serious, the water quality is declining, and the natural environment is destroyed. These are indirectly affecting the physical and mental health of human beings. In order to ensure the living environment of plants and animals and maintain the urban hydrological cycle, the sustainable drainage system should be carried out in response to the control from the source and the collection and utilization of Rain Water. As an important part of drainage system, drainage ditch is an important functional problem that needs to be solved in landscape design. However, it is often treated passively or regarded as the last resort in the present design, and the purpose of design is to satisfy the function. The form is lack of landscape, and lack of city charm and personality, and does not reflect the culture and connotation of the city. The landscape design of drainage ditch and other infrastructure is the product of urban development and the development trend of infrastructure. In this paper, the concept of landscape drainage ditch is put forward by combining the basic knowledge of drainage ditch with the landscape effect. Based on the related theories of landscape aesthetics, landscape ecology, regional culture, guidance and so on, the different concealment characteristics of landscape drainage ditch are divided into uncapped gutter, capped gutter and crevice linear drainage ditch, which are divided into trenches, brick ditches, stone gullies according to materials, Concrete trench, metal trench; according to different cross-section into rectangular gutter, trapezoidal gutter and U-type drainage ditch. The drainage function and ecological function of landscape drainage ditch are analyzed and summarized in this paper. Considering the factors affecting the security, characteristics, naturalness, ecology, and the integrity of the landscape gutter and other landscape elements, determining the spacing of the landscape drainage ditch, the depth of the design discharge, and the design water level, Select section form and slope of drainage ditch, design elements such as material and style of ditch wall material and cover board. The design elements of landscape drainage ditch such as material selection, design discharge, design water level, and section form and size are used to make the design reasonable and appropriate. The design of landscape drainage ditch should pay attention to the principle of function, ecology, landscape artistry and regional culture. Combined with practical cases, this paper standardizes the design elements of landscape gutters and embodies the design principles of landscape gutters, and puts forward some suggestions for the design of landscape gutters. It is hoped that some theoretical basis and new thinking can be provided to the designers in the design of landscape drains, so as to make a contribution to the realization of sustainable urban drainage.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992

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