植物对土遗址裂隙的影响及其作用机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 04:20

本文选题：土遗址 + 植物　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：大型土遗址是文化遗产的重要组成部分，是中华灿烂文明的物证，具有一定的历史价值、艺术价值、科学价值和社会价值。因此，，大遗址的保护具有重大的历史及现实意义。随着经济建设的发展，城市建设速度日益加快，遗址保护面临着巨大的挑战。生态环境的恶化严重威胁着脆弱的遗址的保存。近年来土遗址保护的理论和实践证明，植被与土遗址保护息息相关，根系发达的植被会促使夯土裂缝的产生，破坏夯土的自然节理，其机械作用造成的坍塌现象成为保护工作中的棘手问题。本研究在实地调查的基础上，总结了西安地区土遗址的主要病害类型，并着重分析了植物的侵蚀作用。继而，文章以阿房宫前殿遗址为例，通过研究不同植物的根系对裂隙发育的贡献，分析植被的各项测量因子与裂隙大小的相关性，总结了植物对土遗址的作用机理并提出适栽植物要求，以期为土遗址植被侵蚀方面的研究做出贡献。研究结果如下： 1.西安地区的土遗址自然侵蚀病害类型主要有：裂隙坍塌、基础掏蚀、表面剥蚀、冲沟发育及洞穴遗存，成因为：植物根系作用及雨蚀、风化侵蚀等的共同作用。其中，根劈裂隙是半干旱地区土遗址面临的主要威胁，而植物的生长对已有病害类型都产生了不同程度的作用。 2.阿房宫前殿遗址上方的植物多样性较低，草本的丰富度高于乔木层和灌木层。遗址分布的主要植物为：构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）、臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）、酸枣（Ziziphus jujuba）和榆树（Ulmus pumila）。 3.酸枣、臭椿、榆树是目前对阿房宫前殿遗址裂隙侵蚀最严重的树种。研究发现，根系发达、下扎能力强的深根系树种（主要为乔木、灌木）对裂缝的贡献率较大，另外，根的直径与裂缝面积的相关性最高。 4.选择土遗址适栽植物时应注意：(1)遗址上方避免栽植根系发达的乔木、灌木等深根系树种；(2)台地边缘可选用该地区常见草本，要求盖度大、易于管理；(3)台地周围可种植乔木，以减少风蚀及径流产生的侵蚀；(4)为了不影响遗址原貌性，栽植物种应符合遗址氛围。
[Abstract]:Large-scale earthen sites are an important part of cultural heritage and a material evidence of China's splendid civilization. They have certain historical value, artistic value, scientific value and social value. Therefore, the protection of the great ruins has great historical and practical significance. With the development of economic construction, the speed of urban construction is accelerating day by day. The deterioration of ecological environment is a serious threat to the preservation of fragile sites. In recent years, the theory and practice of earth-site protection have proved that vegetation is closely related to earth-site protection, and the vegetation with well-developed roots will promote the generation of rammed soil cracks and destroy the natural joints of rammed soil. The collapse caused by mechanical action has become a thorny problem in the protection work. On the basis of field investigation, the main disease types of soil sites in Xi'an are summarized, and the erosion of plants is emphatically analyzed. Then, taking the Qiandian site of Afanggong as an example, through studying the contribution of root system of different plants to fissure development, this paper analyzes the correlation between the measuring factors of vegetation and the size of fissures. This paper summarizes the mechanism of plants acting on earthen sites and puts forward the requirements of suitable plants in order to contribute to the study of vegetation erosion in earthen sites. The findings are as follows: 1. The main types of natural erosion diseases in Xi'an are crack collapse, foundation erosion, surface erosion, gully development and cave remains, because of the joint action of plant root system and rain erosion, weathering erosion and so on. Among them, root cleavage is the main threat to soil sites in semi-arid areas, and the growth of plants has played a role in different degrees to the existing disease types. 2. The diversity of plants above the site is low, and the richness of herbs is higher than that of tree layer and shrub layer. The main plants distributed in the site are Broussonetia papyrifera, Ailanthus altissimaa, Ziziphus jujuba and Ulmus pumila. 3. Zizyphus jujuba, stink, elm is the most serious erosion of the cracks in the front temple site of Afanggong. It was found that the deep root species (mainly trees and shrubs) with developed root system and strong ability to lower root contributed to the crack. In addition, the correlation between root diameter and crack area was the highest. 4. When selecting suitable plants for planting in earthen sites, attention should be paid to avoiding planting trees, shrubs, and other deep-rooted trees with developed roots above the site.) the edge of the platform can be selected from common herbs in this area, requiring large coverage and easy management. Trees can be planted around the terrace. In order to reduce the erosion caused by wind erosion and runoff, the planting species should conform to the site atmosphere in order not to affect the original appearance of the site.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-87;Q948

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